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SCHOOL    LAWS 


OF 


NOKTH    CAROLINA, 


AS  RATIFIED  APRIL  12TH,  A.  D.  1869, 


"WITH 


INSTRUCTIONS,  FORMS,  PLANS   OF  SCHOOL 

HOUSES,  AND  DIRECTIONS  FOR 

ARRANGING   DESKS, 

GROUNDS,  &g. 


PUBLISHED    BY    AUTHORITY. 


RALEIGH: 

M.  S.  LITTLEFIELD,  STATE  PRINTER  AND  BINDER, 
1S69. 


o 


INTRODUCTION 


STATE  OF  InORTH  CAROLINA, 

Office  Superintendent  Public  Instruction, 

Raleigh,  September  1st,  1869. 

Section  69  of  the  School  Law  requires  the  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction  to  cause  ail  School  Laws  to  be  printed 
in  a  pamphlet  form,  and  to  annex  thereto  forms  for  making 
reports  and  conducting  school  business ;  also  the  course  of 
study,  rules,  regulations  and  such  suggestions  on  school  archi- 
tecture as  he  may  deem  useful,  with  such  wood  cuts  and  plans 
of  school  houses  "as  he  may  be  able  to  obtain.  "  He  shall 
furnish  each  school  officer  and  teacher  with  at  least  one  copy 
of  said  pamphlet." 

The  following  laws,  instructions,  forms,  &c,  are  published 
in  accordance  with  the  aforesaid  requirements.  Certain  other 
forms  and  blanks  which  are  required  will  be  prepared  at,  and 
sent  directly  from,  this  office. 

The  designs  and  plans,  on  pages  ■ ,  with  the  accompa- 
nying descriptions  are,  by  the  generous  permission  of  Major 
General  O.  O.  Howard,  copied  from  "  A  Manual  on  School 
Houses  and  Cottages,"  by  C.  Thurston  Chase,  Superintendent 
of  Education,  Florida,  and  published  by  the  Bureau  of 
Refugees,  Freedmen,  &c. 

The  designs  and  plans  on  pages have  been  adopted 

by  the  State   Board   of  Education   of  Maryland.     Working 

i 


M.  INTRODUCTION. 

plans  of  these  buildings  will  be  furnished  to  County  Commis- 
sioners from  this  office.  County  Commissioners  will  furnish 
said  plans  to  Township  Committees. 

The  directions  accompanying  these  plans,  and  the  bills  of 
material  and  labor,  are  sufficiently  explicit  to  enable  any 
ordinary  mechanic  to  estimate  their  expense  and  to  erect  them 
in  an  economical  and  satisfactory  manner. 

School  authorities  are  at  liberty  to  build  according  to  any 
of  these  designs,  as  all  of  them  are  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Education.     (School  Law,  Section  22,  8  Proviso.) 

Our  School  System  is  far  from  complete.  The  candid  and 
careful  examination  of  all  that  is  herewith  published,  is  solic- 
ited from  School  Officers,  Teachers  and  all  friends  of  Free 
Public  Instruction  in  the  State. 

S.  S.  ASHLEY, 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 


[N.  B. — In  sections  48  and  49  of  the  School  Law  the  word  "  Committees" 
should  doubtless  be  "  Commissioners,"  for  the  act  creates  no  such  body  as 
County  Committee.    The  word  "  Commissioners  "  is  therefore  printed  in  brackets. 


CONSTITUTION. 


The  following  are  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  relating 
to  Public  Schools  and  the  University  : 


DECLARATION   OF    RIGHTS. 


Sec.     27.   The   people    have  a  right  to  the  privilege   of 
education,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the  State  to  guard  and  main- 


tain that  right. 


ARTICLE     IX. EDUCATION. 

Section  1.  Religion,  morality,  and  knowledge  being 
necessary  to  good  government  and  happiness  of  mankind, 
schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall  forever  be  en- 
couraged. 

Sec.  2.  The  General  Assembly,  at  its  first  session  under 
this  Constitution,  shall  provide  by  taxation  and  otherwise 
for  a  general  and  uniform  system  of  Public  Schools,  wherein 
tuition  shall  be  free  of  charge  to  all  the  children  of  the  State 
between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty  one  years. 

Sec.  3.  Each  County  of  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  a 
convenient  number  of  districts,  in  which  one  or  more  public 
schools  shall  be  maintained,  at  least  four  months  in  every 
year ;  and  if  the  Commissioners  of  any  County  shall  fail  to 
comply  with  the  aforesaid  requirements  of  this  section,  they 
shall  be  liable  to  indictment. 


6  CONSTITUTION. 

Sec.  4.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  that  have  been,  or  here- 
after may  be  granted  by  the  United  States  to  this  State  and 
not  otherwise  specially  appropriated  by  the  United  States  or 
heretofore  by  this  State  ;  also,  all  moneys,  stocks,  bonds,  and 
other  property  now  belonging  to  any  fund  for  purposes  of 
education  ;  also,  the  net  proceeds  that  may  accrue  to  the 
State  from  sales  of  estrays,  or  from  fines,  penalties  and  for- 
feitures ;  also,  the  proceeds  of  all  sales  of  the  swamp  lands- 
belonging  to  the  State  ;  also,  all  money  that  shall  be  paid  a& 
an  equivalent  for  exemption  from  military  duty ;  also,  all 
grants,  gifts  or  devises  that  may  hereafter  be  made  to  this 
State,  and  not  otherwise  appropriated  by  the  grant,  gift  or 
devise,  shall  be  securely  invested,  and  sacredly  preserved  as- 
an  irreducible  educational  fund,  the  annual  income  of  which, 
together  with  so  much  of  the  ordinary  revenue  of  the  State 
as  may  be  necessary,  shall  be  faithfully  appropriated  for  estab- 
lishing and  perfecting  in  this  State  a  system  of  free  public 
schools,  and  for  no  other  purposes  or  uses  whatsoever. 

Sec  5.  The  University  of  North  Carolina,  with  its  lands, 
emoluments  and  franchises,  is  under  the  control  of  the  State, 
and  shall  be  held  to  an  inseparable  connection  with  the  free 
public  school  system  of  the  State. 

Sec.  6.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  that  the 
benefits  of  the  University,  as  far  as  practicable,  be  extended 
to  the  youth  of  the  State  free  of  expense  for  tuition  ;  also, 
that  all  the  property  which  has  heretofore  accrued  to  the  State, 
or  shall  hereafter  accrue  from  escheats,  unclaimed  dividends, 
or  distributive  shares  of  the  estates  of  deceased  persons,  shall 
be  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  University. 

Sec.  7.    The    Governor,    Lieutenant  Governor,    Secretary 


CONSTITUTION.  7 

of  State,  Treasurer,  Auditor,  Superintendent  of  Public 
"Works,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and  Attorney- 
General,  snail  constitute  a  State  Board  of  Education. 

Sec.  8.  The  Governor  shall  be  President,  and  the  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction  shall  be  Secretary,  of  the 
Board  of  Education. 

Sec  9.  The  Board  of  Education  shall  succeed  to  all  the 
powers  and  trusts  of  the  President  and  Directors  of  the 
to  Literary  Fund  of  North  Carolina,  and  shall  have  full  power 
legislate  and  make  all  needful  rules  and  regulations  in  relation 
to  free  public  schools,  and  the  Educational  Fund  of  the  State ; 
but  all  acts,  rules  and  regulations  of  said  Board  may  be 
altered,  amended  or  repealed  by  the  General  Assembly,  and 
when  so  altered,  amended  or  repealed  they  shall  not  be  re- 
enacted  by  the  Board. 

Sec.  10.  The  first  session  of  the  Board  of  Education  shall 
be  held  at  the  Capital  of  the  State,  within  fifteen  days  after 
the  organization  of  the  State  government  under  this  Consti- 
tution ;  the  time  of  future  meeting  may  be  determined  by 
the  Board. 

Sec  11.  A  majority  of  the  Board  shall  constitute  a  quorum 
for  the  transaction  of  business. 

Sec  12.  The  contingent  expenses  of  the  Board  shall  be 
provided  for  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Sec  13.  The  Board  of  Education  shall  elect  Trustees  for 
the  University,  as  follows :  one  Trustee  for  each  County  in 
the  State,  whose  term  of  office  shall  be  eight  years.  The  first 
meeting  of  the  Board  shall  be  held  within  ten  (10)  days  after 
their  election,  and  at  this  and  every  subsequent  meeting,  ten 
Trustees  shall  constitute  a  quorum.     The  Trustees,  at  their 


8  CONSTITUTION. 

first  meeting,  shall  be  divided,  as  equally  as  may  be,  into  four 
classes.  The  seats  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the 
expiration  of  two  years  ;  of  the  second  class,  at  the  expiration 
of  four  years;  of  the  third  class,  at  the  expiration  of  six 
years  ;  of  the  fourth  class,  at  the  expiration  of  eight  years  ; 
so  that  one-fourth  may  be  chosen  every  second  year. 

Sec.  14.  The  Board  of  Education  and  the  President  of  the 
University  shall  be  ex  officio  members  of  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees of  the  University ;  and  shall,  with  three  other  Trustees, 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Board  of  Trustees,  constitute  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Trustees  of  the  University  of 
North  Carolina,  and  shall  be  clothed  with  the  powers  dele- 
gated to  the  Executive  Committee  under  the  existing  organi- 
zation of  the  Institution.  The  Governor  shall  be  ex  officio 
President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  Chairman  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  University.  The  Board  of  Edu- 
cation shall  provide  for  the  more  perfect  organization  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees. 

Sec.  15.  All  the  privileges,  rights,  franchises  and  endow- 
ments heretofore  granted  to,  or  conferred  upon,  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  by  the  charter 
of  17S9,  or  by  any  subsequent  legislation,  are  hereby  vested 
in  the  Board  of  Trustees,  authorized  by  this  Constitution,  for 
the  perpetual  benefit  of  the  University. 

Sec.  16.  As  soon  as  practicable  after  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  the  General  Assembly  shall  establish  and 
maintain  in  connection  with  the  University,  a  Department  of 
Agriculture,  of  Mechanics,  of  Mining,  and  of  Normal  In- 
struction. 


CONSTITUTION.  9 

Sec.  17.  The  General  Assembly  is  hereby  empowered  to 
enact  that  every  child  of  sufficient  mental  and  physical 
ability  shall  attend  the  public  schools  during  the  period 
between  the  ages  of  six  and  eighteen  years,  for  a  term  of  not 
iless  than  sixteen  months,  unless  educated  by  other  means. 


SCHOOL    LAW. 


AN  ACT  TO  PROVIDE  FOR  A  SYSTEM  OF  PUBLIC 
INSTRUCTION. 

The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  do  enact  as  follows  : 

BOARD   OF    EDUCATION. 

Section  1.  That  the  Governor,  Lieutenant  Governor,  Secre- 
tary of  State,  Treasurer,  Auditor,  Attorney  General,  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  and  Superintendent  of  Public 
Works,  do  constitute  a  Board  of  Education,  and  shall  meet  at 
such  times  as  a  majority  of  the  Board  shall  appoint :  Pro- 
vided, That  the  Governor  may  assemble  the  members  of  said 
Board  any  time  at  his  discretion. 

Sec  2.  The  Board  of  Education  may,  from  time  to  time, 
as  the  same  shall  accumulate,  securely  invest  the  Public 
School  Fund  in  bonds  and  securities  of  the  State  or  of  the 
United  States. 

Sec  3.  The  Board  of  Education  shall  prescribe  the  course 

of  studies  to  be  pursued,  text  books  and  other  school  teaching 

material  to  be  used  in  the  public  schools  of  the  State:     Pro- 

tvided,  That  no  sectarian  or  political  text  books  shall  be  used. 

Also,  the  manner  of  examining  and  approbating  teachers. 

Sec  4.  The  State  Auditor  shall  keep  a  separate  and  dis- 
tinct account  of  the  public  school  fund,  and  of  the  interest  and 


12  SCHOOL    LAW. 

income  thereof,  also  of  such  moneys  as  may  be  raised  by  State, 
County  and  capitation  tax,  or  otherwise,  for  school  purposes. 
He  shall  draw  his  warrant  on  the  State  Treasurer  in  favor  of 
any  County  Treasurer,  whenever  such  County  Treasurer  shall 
present  an  order  from  the  Board  of  Education. 

Sec.  5.  The  State  Treasurer  shall  be  Treasurer  of  the  Board 
of  Education. 

Sec.  6.  The  State  Treasurer  shall  receive,  and  hold  as  a 
special  deposit,  all  school  funds  paid  into  the  Treasury,  and 
pay  them  out  only  on  the  warrant  of  the  State  Auditor,  issued 
on  the  order  of  the  Board  of  Education,  attested  by  the  seal 
of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  in  favor  of  each  County 
Treasurer,  which  order,  duly  endorsed  by  the  County  Treas- 
urer, shall  be  only  valid  vouchers  in  the  hands  of  the  State 
Treasurer  for  the  disbursement  of  the  aforesaid  school  money. 

Sec.  7.  The  net  annual  income  of  the  public  shool  fund 
shall  be  distributed  among  the  several  Counties  of  the  State, 
in  proportion  to  the  number  of  children  to  be  instructed,  at 
such  time  as  the  Board  of  Education  shall  direct. 

Sec.  8.  The  share  of  the  public  school  fund  to  which  each 
County  shall  be  deemed  to  be  entitled,  shall  be  paid  to  the 
County  Treasurer,  or  his  lawful  attorney,  upon  the  order  of 
the  Board  of  Education  and  the  warrant  of  the  Auditor. 

Sec.  9.  All  moneys  belonging  or  owing  to  the  public  school 
fund,  or  accruing  as  revenue  therefrom,  shall  be  paid  to  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  shall  not  be  paid 
out,  except  by  order  of  the  Board  of  Education  and  on  the 
warrant  of  the  Auditor. 

Sec.  10.  The  County  Commissioners  shall,  in  their  respec- 
tive Counties,  order  a  tax  for  the  purchase  of  sites  for  school 


SCHOOL   LAW.  13 

houses,  for  building  or  renting  school  houses :  Provided, 
That  such  site  cannot  be  obtained  by  donation  or  otherwise; 
which  said  tax  shall  be  assessed  and  collected  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  County  taxes,  and  the  Sheriff  or  collector  shall 
collect  and  pay  over  the  same  to  the  County  Treasurer,  in  the 
same  way  as  other  taxes,  and  his  bonds  shall  contain  a  condi- 
tion for  the  faithful  collection  and  payment  of  the  school 
taxes ;  and  for  a  breach  of  the  conditions,  the  County  Com- 
missioners shall  have  the  same  remedies  against  him  and  his 
sureties  as  are  given  to  the  County  Commissioners  for 
enforcing  the  payment  of  ordinary  County  funds. 

Sec.  11.  The  County  Treasurer  of  each  County  shall : 

1.  Be  the  Treasurer  of  all  funds  for  public  school  purposes 
belonging  to  the  different  Townships,  arising  from  whatever 
source.  Before  entering  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  he  shall 
give  to  the  County  Commissioners  a  separate  bond,  with 
sufficient  security,  in  double  the  probable  amount  of  school 
money  that  shall  come  into  his  hands. 

2.  Beceive  and  hold  all  school  moneys  as  a  special  deposit, 
and  shall  keep  a  separate  account  with  the  several  Townships 
which  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  them. 

Sec.  12.  The  County  Treasurer  shall  disburse  the  school 
funds  which  shall  come  into  his  possession  only  on  the  orders 
of  the  Clerk  of  the  School  Committee  under  the  direction  of 
the  Committee. 

Sec.  13.  The  County  Treasurer  shall  in  no  case  pay  any 
order  in  favor  of  a  teacher,  unless  the  same  shall  be  accompa- 
nied with  a  report  from  the  School  Committee,  stating  the 
name  of  the  teacher,  the  length  of  time  for  which  the  school 
may  have  been  kept  during  the  current  year,   nor  unless  the 


14  SCHOOL    LAW. 

teacher  exhibit  a  regular  certificate  of  mental  and  moral  qual- 
ification from  the  County  Examiner  dated  within  one  year  of 
that  time. 

Sec.  1-i.  The  County  Treasurer  shall  make  annually,  on  or 
before  the  first  day  of  September,  a  financial  report  for  the 
last  preceding  school  and  fiscal  year  to  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  in  such  form  as  may  be  required  by  said 
Superintendent. 

Sec.  15.  In  each  Township  there  shall  be  biennially  elected, 
by  the  qualified  voters  thereof,  a  School  Committee,  to  con- 
sist of  three  persons,  who  shall  establish  and  maintain,  for  at 
least  four  months  in  every  year,  a  sufficient  number  of  schools 
at  convenient  localities,  which  shall  be  for  the  education  of  all 
children  between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty-one  years  residing 
therein. 

Sec  16.  The  School  Committee  of  each  Township,  within 
fifteen  days  after  their  election,  shall  assemble  at  the  most 
central  school  house  in  their  jurisdiction  for  qualification,  and 
the  transaction  of  business  relating  to  the  free  public  schools. 
Adjourned  or  special  meetings  may  be  held  whenever,  in  their 
discretion,  they  are  required 

Sec  17.  At  the  first  session  the  Committee  shall  elect  a 
Chairman. 

^ec  IS.  The  School  Committee  and  their  successors  in 
office  shall  be  a  body  politic  and  corporate  in  law,  and  as 
such,  maybe  contracted  with,  sue  and  be  sued,  plead  and  be 
impleaded  in  any  Court  of  law,  and  may  receive  any  gift, 
grant,  donation  or  devise  made  for  the  use  of  any  school  or 
schools  within  their  jurisdiction,  and,  moreover,  in  their  cor- 
porate capacity,  they  shall  be,  and  are  hereby  entrusted  with 


SCHOOL    LAW.  15 

the  care  and  custody  of  all  school  houses,  school  house  sites 
grounds,  books,  apparatus  or  other  school  property  belonging 
to  their  respective  jurisdictions,  with  full  power  to  control 
the  same  in  such  manner  as  they  may  deem  best  for  the 
interest  of  public  schools  and  the  cause  of  education  ;  and 
when,  in  the  opinion  of  the  committee,  any  school  house  or 
school  house  site,  or  other  public  school  property,  has  become 
unnecessary  for  school  purposes,  they  may  sell  to  the  highest 
bidder  and  convey  the  same  in  the  name  of  the  School  Com- 
mittee of  the  proper  township,  after  twenty  days'  notice  being 
given  of  such  sale ;  such  conveyance  to  be  executed  by  the 
Chairman  and  Clerk  of  said  committee,  and  the  avails  of  such 
sale  shall  be  paid  to  the  County  Treasurer  for  the  benefit  of 
schools  in  the  township,  and  all  conveyances  in  real  estate 
which  may  be  made  to  said  committee,  shall  be  to  said  com- 
mittee in  their  corporate  name  and  to  their  successors  in 
office. 

Sec.  19.  The  School  Committee  shall,  as  occasion  may 
require,  designate,  and  purchase,  or  lease,  or  receive  by  dona- 
tion, suitable  sites  for  school  houses ;  and  whenever  they  are 
unable  thus  to  obtain  such  sites  they  shall  report  to  the 
County  Commissioners,  with  the  reasons  why  they  have  not 
procured  the  same ;  and  the  County  Commissioners  there- 
upon shall  appoint  three  disinterested  citizens,  who  shall  lay 
off  not  more  than  two  acres,  and  not  less  than  one-half  acre, 
a  site  for  each  school  house  required  to  be  built,  and  condemn 
the  same  for  the  use  aforesaid,  and  assess  the  value  thereof, 
which  assessed  value  shall  be  paid  by  the  School  Committee 
out  of  the  township  school  fund,  to  the  owner  of  the  land  so 
condemned,  or  into  the  office  of  the  County  Treasurer  for  the 


16  SCHOOL   LAW. 

benefit  of  such  owner ;  and  the  land  condemned  and  paid  for 
shall  be  vested  in  the  committee  and  their  successors ;  Pro- 
vided, That  the  County  Commissioners  shall  not  condemn 
any  land  improved  by  buildings,  culture  or  otherwise  ;  Ahd 
provided  further,  That  if  after  the  purchase  the  committee 
see  fit  to  remove  the  school,  then  the  original  owner  of  the 
land  or  his  vendee  shall  have  the  right  to  take  the  land  at 
the  original  price,  with  the  privilege  to  the  committee  of 
removing  the  building  or  other  improvements. 

Sec.  20.  The  School  Committee  shall,  in  one  month  after 
their  term  of  office  commences,  report  in  writing  to  the 
County  Commissioners  the  number  and  condition  of  school 
houses  in  the  Township  ;  and  on  failure  so  to  report,  shall 
each  forfeit  and  pay  five  dollars,  to  be  recovered  by  suit  before 
any  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  name  of  the  County  Com- 
missioners. 

Sec.  21.  The  said  committee  shall  prepare  a -map  of  their 
respective  townships  as  often  as  they  shall  deem  it  necessary, 
on  which  shall  be  designated  the  location  of  the  several  schools 
of  the  township,  which  location  they  may  change  or  alter  at 

any  regular  session  of  the  committee ;  and  shall  regulate  the 

» 
number  of  scholars  assigned  to  each  school ;  and  in  the  loca- 
tion of  schools,  the  committee  shall  have  reference  to  popula- 
tion and  neighborhood,  having  due  regard  to  any  school  house 
already  built  or  site  procured,  and  to  whatever  other  circum- 
stances may  effect  the  best  interests  of  the  schools. 
Sec  22.  The  committee  is  hereby  required  : 

1.  To  furnish  to  each  teacher  a  list  of  the  pupils  assigned 
his  or  her  school. 

2.  To  suspend  from  the  privileges  of  the  schools  any  pupils 


SCHOOL   LAW.  17 

found  guilty  of  disorderly  conduct,  which  suspension  shall  not 
extend  beyond  the  current  session  of  the  school. 

3.  To  employ  and  dismiss  teachers,  attendants,  mechanics 
and  laborers  ;  also  fix,  allow  and  order  paid  their  salaries  and 
wages. 

4.  To  maintain  all  the  schools  established  by  them  for  an 
equal  length  of  time  during  the  year,  with  equal  rights  and 
privileges. 

5.  To  make  and  enforce  rules  and  regulations  not  in  con- 
flict with  the  general  regulations  of  the  State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation for  the  government  of  schools,  pupils  and  teachers. 

6.  To  provide  and  order  paid  for  out  of  the  township  school 
moneys,  school  furniture,  apparatus  and  such  other  articles, 
materials  or  supplies  as  may  be  necessary  for  school  use,  or  for 
the  use  of  the  committee. 

7.  To  rent,  furnish  and  repair  school  houses. 

8.  To  build  school  houses,  when  directed  by  a  vote  of  the 
town  or  by  an  order  of  the  County  Commissioners  :  Provided, 
That  the  committee  shall  not  in  any  case  build  a  stone  or 
brick  school  house  upon  any  site  for  which  they  have  not  a 
title  in  fee,  also  they  shall  not  in  any  case  build  a  frame  school 
house  on  any  site  for  which  they  have  not  a  title  in  fee,  with- 
out securing  the  privilege  of  moving  said  school  house  when 
lawfully  directed  so  to  do  :  Provided  further,  That  the  loca- 
tion, plan  and  estimate  for  any  proposed  school  house  be 
approved  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and 
the  Board  of  Education  ;  and  in  all  plans  regard  shall  be  had 
to  taste,  convenience,  durability  and  economy. 

9.  To  require  the  series  of  text  books,  adopted  by  order  of 


18  SCHOOL   LAW. 

the  State  Board  of  Education,  to  be  used  exclusively  in  their 
schools. 

10.  To  require  every  teacher  to  keep  a  State  School  Reg- 
ister. 

11.  To  enforce  in  each  school  the  course  of  study  adopted 
and  prescribed  by  the  Board  of  Education. 

Sec.  23.  The  committee  shall  not  receive  into  their 
hands  any  of  the  funds  set  apart  for  public  schools ;  but 
whenever  it  shall  become  necessary  for  them  to  incur  any 
expense  in  the  purchase  of  land  for  the  erection  of  any 
school  building,  or  for  other  lawful  purposes,  the  committee 
shall  make  an  account  of  the  expense  and  draw  on  the 
county  treasurer  for  the  same,  which  account  shall  accom- 
pany the  draft,  and  when  approved  by  the  County  Commis- 
sioners, shall  be  paid  by  the  County  Treasurer :  Provided, 
That  the  township  shall  have  in  the  hands  of  the  County 
Treasurer  a  sum  sufficient  to  meet  the  same. 

Sec  24.  The  committee  shall  visit  each  school  under  their 
care  at  least  twice  each  term  for  examination  and  thorough 
inspection. 

Sec.  25  In  case  any  Township,  at  an  annual  meeting,  shall 
fail  to  provide  for  schools  to  be  taught  at  least  four  months 
for  that  year,  and  to  provide  for  fuel,  and  to  make  any  other 
provisions  necessary  for  the  efficiency  and  success  of  the 
schools,  the  School  Committee  shall  immediately  forward  to 
the  County  Commissioners  an  estimate  of  the  necessary 
expenses,  and  a  tax  equal  to  the  amount  of  such  estimate 
shall  be  levied  on  the  township  by  the  County  Commis- 
sioners at  the  same  time  that  the  County  taxes  are  levied,, 
and  the  School  Committee,  under  direction  of  the  County 


SCHOOL  LAW.  19 

Commissioners,  shall  provide  whatever  shall  be  necessary  for 
the  schools  for  four  months,  and  pay  all  expenses  for  the 
same  out  of  the  funds  raised  by  the  tax  to  be  levied  or  pro- 
vided in  this  section. 

Sec.  26.  The  Committee  shall  hire  for,  and  in  the  name  of 
the  township,  such  teachers  as  may  have  been  approved  as 
qualified  according  to  law,  and  shall  make  with  such  teachers 
a  written  contract  specifying  the  time  for  which  the  teachers 
are  to  be  employed,  the  wages  to  be  paid  per  month,  and  other 
agreement  witnessed  unto  by  the  contracting  parties ;  and 
shall  furnish  the  teacher  with  a  duplicate  of  such  contract, 
and  the  original  shall  be  kept  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk 
of  the  township. 

Sec.  27.  The  commmittee  shall  give  orders  on  the  Treas- 
urer for  the  payment  of  wages  due  teachers,  and  every  such 
order  shall  state  the  services  or  consideration  for  which  the 
order  is  drawn,  and  the  name  of  the  person  rendering  such 
service. 

Sec.  28.  The  committee  shall  annually  report  to  the  town- 
ship the  nnmber  of  schools  within  their  jurisdiction ;  the 
number  and  condition  of  school  houses ;  the  length  of  time 
the  schools  have  been  taught  during  the  year ;  the  number  of 
male  and  female  teachers,  their  names  and  salary  per  month  ; 
the  whole  number  of  youth  between  six  and  twenty-one  years 
of  age  actually  resident  in  the  township,  according  to  the 
latest  enumeration  made  for  school  purposes;  the  number  of 
scholars  who  attend  school  during  the  year,  and  the  average 
daily  attendance,  distinguishing  between  males  and  females  ; 
amount  paid  to  teachers,  amount  paid  for  the  rent,  repair 
and  improvement   of  school  houses  and   the  buildings  and 


20  SCHOOL  LAW. 

grounds  pertaining  thereto,  including  fixtures  and  furniture, 
and  the  expense  of  cleaning  and  taking  care  of  the  same ; 
the  amount  paid  for  fuel ;  the  amount  for  other  purpose ; 
total  expenditures  for  the  year ;  titles  of  text  books  used ; 
value  and  kind  of  apparatus  ;  number  of  volumes  in  school 
libraries  and  their  value  ;  with  such  explanations,  remarks 
and  additional  information  as  the  said  committee  may  deem 
useful.  Said  report  shall  be  read  in  open  annual  township  or 
•municipal  meeting,  and  within  ten  days  thereafter,  the  com- 
mittee shall  forward  an  attested  copy  thereof  to  the  County 
Commssioners,  and  to  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc- 
tion. 

Sec.  29.  Each  School  Committee  ot  every  County  shall 
annually  make  an  estimate  of  the  amount  of  money  neces- 
sary to  be  expended  in  their  jurisdiction  for  purchasing  school 
liouse  sites,  for  erecting,  renting,  repairing  and  furnishing 
school  houses,  for  wages  of  teachers,  for  fuel  or  for  any  other 
necessary  purpose  connected  with  the  support  of  the  public 
schools  in  said  jurisdiction,  for  a  period  of  not  less  than  four 
months  in  each  year;  and  a  certified  report  of  said  estimate 
shall  be  made  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Township  and  to  the 
'County  Commissioners  ten  clays  before  the  time  for  holding 
the  annual  or  township  meeting  in  each  year. 

Sec.  30.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  School  Committee 
to  make  settlement  with  the  County  Treasurer  at  their  regular 
meetings  in  September  annually  ;  but  if,  for  want  of  time 
or  other  reason,  a  settlement  cannot  be  made  at  said  session, 
then  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  committee  to  appoint  a  sub- 
committee, composed  of  one  or  more  of  their  own  number,  to 
make  such  settlement  as  soon  as  practicable  and  report  the 


SCHOOL  LAW.  21 

result  to  the  Clerk  of  the  committee,  who  shall  enter  an 
abstract  thereof  in  the  records  of  the  committee. 

Sec.  31.  The  School  Committee  of  any  Township  are 
authorized  to  make  arrangements  with  the  committee  of  any 
adjacent  township  for  the  attendance  of  such  children  as 
will  be  better  accommodated  in  the  public  schools  of  such 
adjacent  township,  and  to  pay  such  a  portion  of  the  expense 
of  said  schools  as  shall  be  agreed  on,  or  as  may  be  just  and 
proper. 

Sec.  32.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  School  Committee  to 
take  in  the  month  of  June  an  exact  census  of  all  children 
and  youth  between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty-one  years. 
In  their  returns  they  shall  distinguish  between  males  and 
females,  and  between  white  and  colored  :  they  shall  take  spe- 
cifically and  separately  a  census  of  all  Indian  children  between 
the  aforesaid  ages,  especially  of  those  who  live  under  the 
guardianship  of  white  persons,  with  the  names  of  such  guar- 
dians. All  children  who  may  be  absent  from  home  attending 
colleges,  boarding  schools,  and  any  private  or  public  semi- 
nary of  learning,  shall  be  included  by  the  committee  in  the 
Census  list  of  the  township  in  which  their  parents  or  guardians 
reside,  and  shall  not  be  taken  by  the  School  Committee  of 
the  locality  where  they  may  be  attending  such  private  insti- 
tutions of  learning.  The  committee  shall  further  report  such 
other  statistics  as  may  be  required  by  the  Superintendent  ot 
Public  Instruction  or  township  committees  ;  they  shall  make 
a  full  and  sworn  return  thereof  on  the  blanks  furnished  for 
that  purpose  to  the  County  Examiner,  on  or  before  the  first 
day  of  July  next  after  their  appointment,  and  deliver  a  copy 
to  the  School  Committee  of  the  township. 


22  SCHOOL  LAW. 

Sec  33.  The  County  Commissioners  of  each  County  respec- 
tively shall,  as  soon  as  practicable  after  the  passage  of  this 
act,  and  biennially  thereafter,  on  or  before  the  fourth  day  of 
March,  appoint  some  person  resident  of  the  County,  of  good 
moral  character  and  of  suitable  attainments,  to  be  styled 
"  County  Examiner,"  who  shall  hold  his  office  for  two  years 
and  until  his  successor  shall  have  been  duly  commissioned  and 
qualified. 

Sec  34.  In  case  the  County  Commissioners  of  anv  County 
shall  fail  to  make  the  appointment  of  County  Eexaminer,  as 
provided  in  section  thirty-three,  the  State  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  shall  nominate,  and  the  State  Board  of 
Education  shall  make  the  appointment  for  the  delinquent 
County. 

Sec  35.  The  County  Commissioners  shall  allow  the  County 
Examiner  a  sum  not  to  exceed  three  dollars,  per  day  for  each 
day  of  actual  service,  to  be  paid  by  the  County  Treasurer, 
out  of  the  school  fund,  upon  the  order  of  the  Commissioners, 
said  service  to  be  determined  by  the  County  Commissioners. 

Sec  36.  The  County  Examiner  shall  have  power,  and  it 
shall  be  his  duty  : 

1.  To  examine  all  who  may  apply  for  employment  as 
teachers  in  his  County:  of. the  place  and  time  of  holding  such 
examination  he  shall  give  notice  by  advertising  in  some  news- 
paper, which  is  either  published  or  has  general  circulation  in 
the  County,  or  by  written  posters  ;  he  shall  also  send  such 
notice  to  each  Township  School  Committee  of  the  County  at 
least  twenty  days  before  .the  day  appointed  for  examination. 
The  said  examination  shall  be  conducted  according  to  rules 


SCHOOL  LAW.  23 

and  regulations  prescribed  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction  and  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

2.  To  keep  a  record  of  the  name  and  residence  of  every 
•candidate  ;  to  revoke  the  certificate  of  any  incompetent  or 
unworthy  teacher,  and  report  forthwith  the  said  action  to  the 
County  Commissioners  and  the  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction. 

3.  To  report  forthwith  to  the  County  Commissioners  and 
School  Committees  of  the  County,  also  to  the  State  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  the  name  and  residence  of  every 
candidate  who  has  received  a  certificate  of  approbation. 

4.  To  report  to  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 
annually,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  October,  for  the  school 
year  next  preceding,  such  statistics  as  may  be  required  by 
him,  or  by  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

5.  To  enforce  the  course  of  study  as  far  as  practicable,  as 
provided  for  in  section  forty. 

6.  To  enforce  the  rules  and  regulations  required  in  the 
examination  of  teachers. 

7.  To  provide  and  keep  on  file  one  copy  each  of  whatever 
school  documents  may  be  forwarded  to  him  from  the  Depart- 
ment of  Public  Instruction. 

8.  To  keep  a  record  of  his  official  acts. 

9.  To  carefully  preserve  all  reports  of  school  officers  and 
teachers,  and  at  the  close  of  his  official  term  deliver  to  his 
successor  all  records,  books,  documents  and  papers  belonging 
to  his  office,  taking  a  receipt  therefor,  which  shall  be  filed  in 
the  office  of  the  County  Clerk. 

Sec.  37.  The  Examiner  shall,  whenever  he  deems  it  neces- 
sary for  the  health  or  comfort  of  pupils,  require  the  committee 


24  SCHOOL  LAW. 

of  the  township  concerned,  to  repair  any  school  buildings  or 
property,  or  to  abate  any  nuisance  in  or  about  any  premises. 
He  shall,  also,  in  all  cases,  require  the  committee  to  provide 
such  water  closets  and  out  houses  as  decency  and  economy 
require. 

Sec.  38.  The  certificate  granted  by  the  County  Examiner 
shall  be  valid  only  for  the  County  in  which  it  is  granted. 

SCHOOLS. 

Sec  39.  The  School  Committee  of  any  township  may  admit 
to  the  public  school  adults  and  children  not  residing  therein, 
whenever  good  reasons  exist  for  such  reception. 

Sec.  40.  Instruction  shall  be  given  in  the  schools  ot  the 
several  grades  as  follows,  viz :  reading,  writing,  orthographyr 
arithmetic,  geography,  English  grammar,  and  the  Board  of 
Education  may  require  such  other  studies  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary  :  Provided,  That  no  such  studies  shall  be  pursued 
to  the  neglect  or  exclusion  of  the  studies  herein  specified,  and 
that  thorough  instruction  shall  first  be  given  in  all  the  enumer- 
ated branches. 

Sec  41.  Eor  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  health  of  young 
children,  it  is  hereby  provided  that  no  school  shall  ha  con- 
tinued in  session  more  than  six  hours  a  day  exclusive  of  inter- 
mission. Any  teach'er  guilty  of  a  violation  of  the  provisions 
of  this  section  shall  be  summarily  dismissed  by  the  School 
Committee. 

Sec  42.  Minors  under  guardianship,  their  father  having 
deceased,  may  attend  the  public  schools  of  the  township  of 
which  their  guardian  is  an  inhabitant. 


SCHOOL  LAW.  25 


PUPILS. 


Sec.  43.  Pupils  shall  be  admitted  into  the  schools  in  the 
order  in  which  they  apply  to  be  registered  ;  and  all  pupils  who 
may  be  admitted  into  public  schools  shall  comply  with  the 
regulations  established  in  pursuance  of  law  for  the  govern- 
ment of  such  schools,  and  shall  pursue  the  required  course  of 
study,  and  shall  submit  to  the  authority  of  the  teachers  of 
such  schools.  Continued  and  wilful  disobedience  and  open 
defiance  of  the  authority  of  the  teachers  shall  constitute  good 
cause  for  expulsion  from  school,  and  habitual  profanity  and 
vulgarity  good  cause  for  suspension  from  school.  Any  pupil 
who  shall  in  any  way  cut,  deface,  defile  or  otherwise  injure 
any  school  house,  fences  or  out-buildings  thereof,  shall  be 
liable  to  suspension  and  punishment ;  and  the  parents  or  guar- 
dian of  such  pupil  shall  be  liable  for  damages  on  complaint  of 
the  teacher,  or  of  any  school  officer. 

TEACHEKS. 

Sec.  44.  No  person  who  shall  teach  in  any  common  school 
of  this  State  without  a  prescribed  certificate  shall  be  entitled 
to  receive  for  such  services  any  compensation  from  revenues 
raised  for  the  support  of  public  schools :  Provided,  That  if 
his  certificate  expire  by  limitation,  during  the  time  for  which 
he  may  be  engaged  in  teaching  any  school,  such  expiration 
shall  not  have  the  effect  to  interrupt  his  school  or  to  debar  his 
claim  against  the  school  revenues  for  the  payment  of  teachers' 
wages. 


26  SCHOOL  LAW. 

Sec.  45.  The  principal  teacher  of  every  common  school  shall 
keep  a  daily  register  of  his  or  her  school,  in  the  manner  pre- 
scribed by  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  and  indi- 
cated by  the  blank  school  register,  to  be  furnished  each  school 
by  the  School  Committee. 

Sec.  46.  ]STo  teacher  shall  be  entitled  to  any  portion  of  his 
or  her  salary  or  wages,  unless  such  teacher  shall  have  been 
employed  by  a  majority  of  the  committee;  nor  unless  the 
holder  of  a  legal  State  or  County  teacher's  certificate  in  full 
force  and  effect. 

Sec.  47.  Teachers  shall  hold  each  pupil  to  a  strict  accounta- 
bility, in  school,  for  any  disorderly  conduct  on  the  way  to  or 
from  school,  on  the  play  grounds  of  the  school,  or  during 
intermission  or  recess ;  and  may  suspend  from  school  any 
pupil  for  good  cause ;  Provided,  That  such  suspension  shall 
be  reported  by  the  teacher,  in  writing,  to  the  committee  as 
soon  as  practicable ;  and  if  such  action  is  not  sustained  by 
them,  the  teacher  may  appeal  to  the  County  Examiner,  whose 
decision  shall  be  final,  whether  for  or  against  expulsion. 

Sec  48.  In  all  cases  of  refusal  or  revocation  of  a  certificate, 
the  teacher  shall  have  the  right  of  appeal  from  the  County 
Examiner  to  the  County  Committee  [Commissioners.] 

Sec.  49.  Any  teacher  dismissed  before  the  expiration  of  his 
or  her  contract  made  with  an}^  school  authority,  for  alleged 
unfitness  or  incompetency,  or  violation  of  rules  or  law,  shall 
have  the  right  of  appeal  to  the  County  Committee  [Commis- 
sioners] and  if  such  committee  [Commissioners]  shall  decide 
that  the  removal  was  made  without  sufficient  cause,  the 
teacher  so  removed  shall  be  re-instated,  and  shall  continue 
during  the  time  of  contract. 


SCHOOL  LAW.  27 

Sec  50.  The  school  authorities  of  each  and  every  township 
shall  establish  a  separate  school  or  separate  schools  for  the 
instruction  of  children  and  youth  of  each  race  resident  therein, 
and  over  six  and  under  twenty-one  years  of  age ;  and  such 
school  or  schools  shall  be  supported,  regulated  and  instructed 
in  the  same  manner  and  to  the  same  extent  as  any  other 
public  school  or  schools  of  the  same  grade. 

Sec.  51.  No  person  shall  be  employed  to  teach  any  such 
separate  schools  who  shall  not,  at  the  time  of  such  employ- 
ment, be  legally  certified  as  qualified. 

CAPITATION    TAX. 

Sec  52.  That  the  State  and  County  capitation  tax  shall  be 
collected  at  the  same  time  and  place,  and  by  the  same  persons 
that  State  taxes  are  collected,  and  that  seventy-five  per  cent, 
of  said  State  and  County  capitation  tax  shall  be  paid  into  the 
State  Treasury,  as  a  revenue  for  the  support  of  public  schools. 

Sec  53.  In  addition  to  the  proceeds  of  the  capitation  tax, 
in  order  that  the  schools  may  be  continued  for  the  term  of 
four  months,  the  General  Assembly  hereby  appropriates  one 
hundred  thousand  dollars  out  of  any  moneys  in  the  Treasury 
not  appropriated  otherwise,  and  authorize  the  Treasurer  of 
the  State  to  pay  that  sum  to  the  County  School  Treasurer  in 
the  manner  provided  for  in  this  act. 

DISTRIBUTION   OF    SCnOOL    FUNDS. 

Sec  54.  All  State  school  funds  apportioned  by  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction,  and  all  County  school  moneys 


28  SCHOOL  LAW. 

apportioned  by  County  Commissioners,  shall  be  apportioned 
to  the  several  townships  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  school 
census  children  between  six  and  twenty-one  years,  as  shown 
by  the  returns  of  the  school  census  marshals  for  the  next  pre- 
ceding school  year :  Provided,  That  the  first  apportionment 
alter  the  ratification  of  this  act  shall  be  according  to  the 
census  taken  by  County  Commissioners  in  eighteen  hundred 
and  sixty  eight. 

Sec.  55.  The  school  money  raised  by  the  appropriation 
required  by  this  act  shall  be  used  for  no  other  purpose  than 
the  payment  of  teachers  legally  qualified  and  employed  under 
the  provisions  of  this  act.  Townsliip  and  County  school 
money  may  be  used  by  the  County  Commissioners  and  Town- 
ship School  Committees,  for  the  various  purposes  which  are 
authorized  and  provided  for  in  this  act. 

DUTIES,    LIABILITIES    AND    COMPENSATION    OF    GLEBES. 

Sec.  56.  The  School  Committee  of  each  townsliip  shall 
appoint  one  of  their  number  to  be  Clerk  of  the  committee. 
It  shall  be  his  duty  : 

1.  To  attend  the  meetings  of  the  committee  and  to  record 
in  a  book  to  be  provided  for  that  purpose,  all  their  official 
proceedings,  which  shall  be  a  public  record,  open  to  any 
person  interested  therein  ,  aud  all  such  proceedings,  when  so 
recorded,  shall  be  signed  by  the  Chairman  and  Clerk. 

2.  To  sign  all  orders  of  the  School  Committee  upon  the 
County  Treasurer. 

Sec.  57.  Township  Trustees  shall  allow  the  Township  Clerk 
the  same  compensation   out  of  the   Township  Treasury  for 


SCHOOL  LAW.  29 

preparing  the  annual  returns  of  the  School  Committee  to  the 
Board  of  County  Commissioners,  and  for  issuing  orders  upon 
the  County  Treasurer  for  the  payment  of  teachers,  as  is 
allowed  for  other  services  of  like  nature. 

Sec.  58.  In  case  of  failure  to  perform  the  duties  prescribed 
by  this  act,  the  Clerk  aforesaid  shall  be  liable  in  an  action  for 
damages  on  the  part  of  the  School  Committee  of  the  town- 
ship. 

PENALTIES   AND   DISABILITIES. 

Sec.  59.  Whenever  any  school  officer  is  superceded  by 
•election  or  otherwise,  he  shall  immediately  deliver  to  his  suc- 
cessor in  office  all  books,  papers  and  school  funds  pertaining 
to  his.  office ;  and  every  such  officer,  who  shall  refuse  so  to  do, 
or  who  shall  wilfully  mutilate  or  destroy  any  such  books  or 
papers,  or  any  part  thereof,  or  shall  misapply  any  funds 
entrusted  to  him  by  virtue  of  his  office,  shall  be  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction,  shall  be  fined  at  the  discre- 
tion of  the  Court,  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars. 

Sec  60.  Every  person  elected  or  appointed  to  any  office, 
mentioned  in  this  act  shall,  before  entering  upon  the  discharge 
of  the  duties  thereof,  take  the  oath  of  office  prescribed  by  the 
Constitution,  article  six,  section  four.  In  case  such  officer  has 
a  written  appointment  or  commission,  his  oath  shall  be  en- 
dorsed thereon  ;  otherwise  it  may  be  taken  orally.  In  either 
case  it  may  be  sworn  to  before  any  officer  authorized  to 
administer  oaths  ;  and  school  officers  are  hereby  authorized  to 
administer  the  oath  required  by  their  respective  offices  without 
charge  or  fee. 


80  SCHOOL   LAW. 

Sec.  61.  All  fines  and  penalties,  not  otherwise  provided  for 
in  this  act,  shall  be  collected  by  an  action  in  any  Court  of 
competent  jurisdiction. 

Sec.  62.  All  cases  of  disputes  in  relation  to  school  matters, 
not  properly  belonging  to  Courts  of  justice,  may  be  referred 
first  to  the  County  Commissioners  and  appealed  to  the  State 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 

THE    SUPERINTENDENT   OF   PUBLIC   INSTRUCTION. 

Sec.  63.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  shall 
keep  his  office  at  the  seat  of  government.  He  shall  provide  a 
seal  for  his  office,  and  copies  of  his  acts  and  decisions,  and  of 
papers  kept  in  his  office,  and  authenticated  by  his  signature 
and  official  seal,  shall  be  of  the  same  force  and  validity  as  the 
original.  He  shall  sign  all  requisitions  on  the  Auditor  for  the 
payment  of  money  out  of  the  State  Treasury  for  public  school 
purposes. 

Sec.  64.  He  shall  be  furnished  with  such  office  room,  furni- 
ture, fuel  and  stationery  as  shall  be  necessary  for  the  efficient 
discharge  of  the  duties  of  his  office,  at  the  expense  of  the 
State. 

Sec.  65.  He  shall  direct  the  operations  of  the  system  of 
public  schools  and  enforce  the  regulations  and  laws  in  relation 
thereto. 

Sec.  Q6.  He  shall  report  to  the  Governor  annually  on  the 
first  of  November.  The  Governor  shall  transmit  such  report 
to  the  Legislature,  and,  if  ordered  to  be  printed,  the  Secretary 
of  State  shall  bind  one  hundred  copies  and  deliver  them  to 
the   Superintendent,   who   shall   deposit    two   copies  in  the 


SCHOOL   LAW.  31 

Library  of  the  Department  of  Public  Instruction,  and  one 
copy  in  each  University,  College  and  Normal  School  in  the 
State.  The  remaining  copies  shall  be  distributed,  one  to  the 
State  Library  of  each  State  and  Territory,  and  the  others  to 
such  institutions  of  learning  and  persons  as  he  may  deem 
proper.  The  Legislature  shall  order  at  least  five  thousand 
pamphlet  copies  to  be  furnished  the  Superintendent,  who  shall 
distribute  them  as  he  may  deem  advisable  to  school  officers 
and  other  persons  in  the  several  Counties. 

Sec.  67.  Said  reports  shall  contain  a  statement  of  the  con- 
dition of  the  public  schools  in  the  State ;  full  statistical  tables 
by  Counties,  showing  among  other  statistics,  the  number  of 
school  children  in  the  State,  the  number  attending  public 
schools,  and  the  average  attendance  ;  the  number  attending 
private  schools,  and  the  number  not  attending  any  schools ; 
the  amount  of  State  School  Fund,  the  sources  from  which 
derived  and  how  apportioned,  the  amount  raised  by  County 
and  township  taxes,  and  from  other  sources  of  revenue  for 
publ  ic  school  purposes ;  the  amount  expended  for  salaries  of 
teachers,  for  building,  improving  and  preserving  school  houses, 
a  statement  of  plans  for  the  management  and  improvement  of 
schools  and  school  buildings,  of  the  condition  of  the  State 
Normal  Schools,  of  the  State  Agricultural  College,  of  all 
incorporated  literary  institutions  required  to  report  to  him,  of 
the  Educational  Department  of  the  State  Penitentiary,  of  the 
Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  and  the  Blind,  and  of  all 
other  Educational  Institutions,  to  which  State  appropriations 
may  be  made. 

Sec.  68.  He  shall  apportion  to  the  several  Counties  the 
school  fund  to  which  each  may  be  entitled,  and  shall  furnish 


S2  SCHOOL    LAW. 

to  the  State  Auditor,  to  each  County  Treasurer,  and  to  the 
Commissioners  of  each  County,  an  abstract  of  such  apportion- 
ment, and]  shall  draw  his  order  on  the  State  Auditor  in  favor 
of  each  County  Treasurer,  for  the  amount  of  State  school  fund 
to  which  such  County  is  entitled  ;  and  shall  take  each  Treas- 
urer's receipt  for  the  same. 

Sec.  69.  He  shall  prepare  and  cause  to  be  printed  suitable 
forms  for  making  all  reports  and  conducting  all  necessary 
proceedings  under  this  act,  and  shall  transmit  them  to  the 
local  school  officers  and  teachers,  who  shall  be  governed  in 
accordance  therewith.  He  shall  furnish  the  County  Examiner 
with  suitable  certificates,  and  shall  prepare  a  State  school 
register  which  shall  be  furnished  to  each  school  in  the  State. 
He  shall  cause  all  school  laws  to  be  printed  in  a  pamphlet 
form,  and  shall  annex  thereto  forms  for  making  reports  and 
conducting  school  business  ;  also  the  course  of  study,  rules  and 
regulations ;  and  such  suggestions  on  school  architecture  as 
he  may  deem  useful,  with  such  wood  cuts  and  plans  of  school 
houses  as  he  may  be  able  to  obtain.  He  shall  furnish  each 
school  officer  and  teacher  with  at  least  one  copy  of  said 
pamphlet. 

Sec.  70.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  shall  at 
the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  deliver,  on  demand,  to  his 
successor,  all  property,  books,  documents,  maps,  records, 
reports  and  other  things  belonging  to  his  office. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Sec.  71.  ISTo  child  or  youth  between  six  and  twenty-one 
years  of  age  shall  be  excluded  from  the  nearest  public  school 


SCHOOL    LAW.  33 

in  the  town  to  which  such  child  or  youth  belongs,  on  account; 
of  the  inability  of  the  parent,  guardian  or  employer  of  the 
same,  to  pay  his  or  her  tax,  or  assessment  for  any  school  pur- 
pose whatever. 

Sec.  72.  Any  money  appropriated  to  the  use  of  public 
schools,  which  shall  be  applied  by  a  township,  or  any  officer 
thereof,  to  any  other  purpose  than  that  specified  by  law,  shall 
be  forfeited  to  the  State  ;  and  any  officer  or  person  who  shall 
fraudulently  make  a  false  certificate  or  order,  by  which  any 
money  appropriated  to  public  schools  shall  be  drawn  from  the 
treasury  of  the  State,  or  the  County,  shall  forfeit  and  pay  the 
sum  of  fifty  dollars,  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  to  cause  a  suit  to  be  instituted 
to  recover  said  forfeitures. 

Sec  73.  Any  citizen  legally  chosen  or  appointed  who 
shall  refuse  to  be  qualified,  or  to  discharge  any  duty  imposed 
by  this  or  any  other  act  in  relation  to  public  schools  shall 
forfeit  the  sum  of  ten  dollars,  to  be  collected  by  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Township  in  which  such  person  resides,  and  paid  into 
the  County  Treasury. 

Sec  74.  Every  person  who  shall  wilfully  interrupt  or  dis- 
turb any  public  or  private  school,  or  any  meeting  lawfully 
and  peaceably  held  for  the  purpose  of  literary  or  scientific 
improvement,  either  within  or  without  the  place  where  such 
school  or  meeting  is  held,  or  of  injuring  any  school  building, 
or  of  defacing  any  school  furniture,  apparatus  or  other  prop- 
erty, shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  on  conviction 
thereof,  shall  be  fined  not  exceeding  one  hundred  dollars  at  the 
discretion  of  the  court. 

Sec  75.   With  the  consent  of  the  School  Committee  first 
3 


34  SCHOOL    LAW. 

obtained,  minors  between  the  ages  of  six  and  twenty-one 
years  may  attend  school  in  Townships  other  than  those  in 
which  their  parents  reside. 

Sec.  76.  The  School  Committee  shall  not  allow  any  child 
to  be  admitted  to,  or  connected  with,  the  public  schools,  who 
is  affected  by  any  contagious  or  loathsome  disease. 

Sec.  77.  Every  member  of  the  School  Committee,  under 
whose  directions  a  child  is  excluded  from  a  public  school, 
and  every  teacher  of  the  school  from  which  a  child  is 
excluded  shall,  on  application  by  the  parent  or  guardian  of 
such  child,  state  in  writing  the  grounds  and  reason  of  such 
exclusion. 

Sec  78.  A  child,  unlawfully  excluded  from  any  public 
school,  may  recover  damages  therefor  in  a  civil  action,  to  be 
brought  in  the  name  of  such  child  by  his  guardian  or  next 
friend  against  the  Township  by  which  such  school  is  sup- 
ported. 

Sec.  79.  A  school  day  shall  comprise  six  hours  exclusive 
of  recess ;  a  school  month,  twenty  days,  exclusive  of  the  first 
and  last  day  of  each  week  ;  a  school  term,  four  months. 

Sec.  80.  The  school  year  shall  commence  on  the  first  day 
of  October,  and  close  on  the  thirtieth  day  of  September. 

Sec  81.  All  acts  and  resolutions  heretofore  enacted 
relating  to  common  schools  and  the  Literary  Fund,  and  all 
other  acts  inconsistent  with  this  act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec  83.  This  act  shall  be  in  force  from  and  after  its  rati- 
fication. 

Katified  the  12th  day  of  April,  A.  D.  1869. 


STUDIES  AND  RULES  FOR  EXAMINATION  OF 
TEACHERS. 


STUDIES. 

■COURSE   OF   STUDIES    PRESCRIBED    FOR   THE   FREE   PUBLIC    SCHOOLS 
OF   NORTH     CAROLINA. 

1.  Reading,  Writing,  Orthography,  Arithmetic,  Geography, 
English  Grammar.     (School  Law,  Section  40.) 

2.  History  of  the  United  States,  Physiology,  Algebra, 
Natural  Philosophy,  Botany,  Chemistry,  Book-keeping  and 
Elocution.  (Ordered  by  the  Board  of  Education.  See  School 
Law,  Section  40.) 

GRADES   OF   SCHOOLS. 

The  Board  of  Education  have: 

Ordered,  That  whenever  it  is  practicable  the  schools  of  the 
State  be  graded  as  follows,  viz :  1st,  High ;  2d,  Grammar ; 
3d,  Primary. 

Also,  that  the  studies  of  the  expected  grades  be  as  follows, 
viz: 

Primary  or  3d  Grade. — Charts,  Primer,  1st  Reader,  2d 
Reader,  Primary  Arithmetic,  Primary  Geography,  "Writing  on 
Slate,  Singing. 


36  STUDIES. 

Grammar  ok  2d  Grade. — 3d  Reader,  4th  Reader,  Speller 
and  Definer,  Spelling  by  Writing,  Writing  in  Books,  Intel- 
lectual Arithmetic,  Written  Arithmetic,  Advanced  Geography, 
English  Grammar,  History,  Physiology,  Map  Drawing,  Eng- 
lish Composition,  Elocution,  Singing. 

High  ob  1st  Grade. — 4th  Reader,  5th  Reader,  Spelling 
by  Writing,  Advanced  Arithmetic,  English  Grammar,  Algebra, 
Natural  Philosophy,  Astronomy,  Chemistry,  Physical  Geog- 
raphy, Botany,  Composition,  Elocution,  Map  Drawing,  Book- 
keeping, Singing. 

TEXT   BOOKS. 

To  be  used  in  the  public  schools  of  North  Carolina  as  pre- 
scribed by  the  Board  of  Education,  (School  Law,  Section 
3,)  viz : 

READERS   AND    SPELLERS. 

Parker  and  Watson's  Primer. 
Parker  and  Watson's  First  Reader. 
Parker  and  Watson's  Second  Reader. 
Parker  and  Watson's  Third  Reader. 
Parker  and  Watson's  Fourth  Reader. 
Parker  and  Watson's  Fifth  Reader. 
Willson's  Fifth  Reader, 
Parker  and  Watson's  Elementary  Speller. 
Parker  and  Watson's  Pronouncing  Speller. 


STUDIES.  37 

ARITHMETICS. 

Davies'  Primary  Arithmetic. 
Davies'  Intellectual  Arithmetic. 
Davies'  Elements  of  Written  Arithmetic. 
Davies'  Practical  Arithmetic. 

GEOGRAPHIES. 

Monteith's  Pirst  Lessons  in  Geography. 
Monteith's  Introduction  to  Manual  of  Geography. 
Monteith's  Physical  and  Intermediate  Geography. 
Guyot's  Common  School  Geography. 
McKally's  Complete  Geography. 

GRAMMAR. 

Harvey's  Elementary  Grammar. 
Harvey's  Practical  Grammar. 

HISTORY. 

Monteith's  Youth's  History  of  the  United  States. 
Beer's  System  of  Penmanship,  (12  ISTo's.) 


38  RULES   OF  EXAMINATION. 

KULES  FOE  THE  EXAMINATION   OF   TEACHERS. 

The  Board  of  Education  have  adopted  for  the  guidance  of 
School  Examiners,  rules  as  follows  :     (School  Law,  Section  3.) 

1.  That  there  shall  be  two  grades  of  Teacher's  Certificates, 
viz :  No.  1,  and  No.  2. 

2.  Every  candidate  must  pass  a  satisfactory  examination  in 
each  study  named  in  the  certificate  applied  for. 

3.  No  certificate  shall  be  valid  after  one  year  from  the  date 
thereof. 


DUTIES    AND    POWERS    OF  THE    BOARD   OF 
EDUCATION  AND  OF  STATE  OFFICERS. 


I.      BOARD    OF   EDUCATION. 

(See  School  Law,  Sections  1,  2,  3,  6,  7,  8,  34,  36,  (1,)  (4.) 

II.      STATE   AUDITOR. 

(See  School  Law,  Sections  1,  4,  8,  9.) 

HI.      PUBLIC   TREASURER. 

(See  School  Law,  Sections  1,  5,  6.) 

IT.       SUPERINTENDENT   OF   PUBLIC   INSTRUCTION. 

(See  School  Law,  Sections  54,  62 — 70,  inclusive.) 

V.       TEACHERS. 

(See  School  Law,  Sections  44 — 51,  inclusive.) 

VI.       COUNTY   COMMISSIONERS. 

1.  To  exercise  a  general  supervision  and  control  of  the 
Schools,  and  of  the  levying  of  taxes  in  the  County.  (Consti- 
tution, Article  VII,  Section  2.) 

2.  To  direct  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  Schools- 
in  the  election  precincts  of  whatever  Counties  are  not  men- 


40  DUTIES   OF   OFFICERS. 

tioned  in  the   "  Act    Concerning  Townships,"  ratified   April 
12th,  1869.     (See  School  Law,  Section  22.) 

3.  To  assess  and  levy  Township  School  Taxes.  (School 
Law,  Sections  10,  25.) 

4.  To  condemn  land  for  school  purposes.  (School  Law, 
Section  19.) 

5.  To  order  Township  Committee  to  build  school  houses 
and  provide  for  schools  in  a  certain  exigency.  (School  Law, 
Section  25.) 

6.  To  approve  all  drafts  of  the  Township  Committee  upon 
the  County  Treasurer.     (School  Law,  Section  23.) 

7.  To  take  bond  of  the  County  Treasurer  for  all  Township 
school  funds  that  may  come  into  his  hands.  (School  Law, 
Section  81,  (1.) 

8.  To  enforce  penalties  for  neglect  of  duty.  (School  Law, 
Section  20.) 

9.  To  appoint  County  Examiner.    (School  La-\v,  Section  23.) 

10.  To  decide  cases  of  appeal  from  decision  of  County  Ex- 
aminer.    (School  Law,  Sections  48,  49.) 

11.  To  apportion  to  Townships  the  Public  School  money 
which  comes  to  the  County  from  the  Public  Treasury,  in  pro- 
portion to  the  School  Census  children  between  six  and 
twenty-one  years  of  age,  the  first  apportionment  to  be  accord- 
ing to  census  of  1868.     (School  Law,  Section  54.) 

0 

VII.      COUNTY    TREASURES. 

1.  Hold  all  school  moneys  as  a  special  deposit,  and  keep  an 
account  with  each  Township.     (School  Law,  Section  11,  (2.) 


DUTIES   OF   OFFICERS.  Al 

2.  Fay  the  orders  of  Township  Clerk  approved  by  School 
Committee.     (School  Law,  Section  12.) 

3.  Pay  Teachers.     (See  School  Law,  Section  13.) 

4.  Make  Annual  Report  to  Superintendent  of  Public  In- 
struction.    (School  Law,  Section  14.) 

5.  To  pay  all  moneys  belonging  to  Public  School  Fund, 
and  seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  State  and  County  Capitation 
Tax,  to  the  Public  Treasurer.     (School  Law,  Section  52.) 

VIII.       COUNTY    EXAMINEE. 

1.  Per  diem  not  to  exceed  three  dollars,  to  be  paid  from  the 
County  School  Fund,  not  from  money  received  from  the  State 
Treasurer.     (School  Law,  Sections  35,  55.) 

2.  Term  of  office  two  years,  and  until  his  successor  is 
appointed.     School  Law,  Section  33.) 

3.  To  examine  teachei  s  according  to  rules  and  regulations 
on  page  3S.     (School  Law,  Section  36,  (1.) 

4.  To  give  notice  of  the  time  and  place  of  holding  examina- 
tions.    (School  Law,  Section  36,(1.) 

5.  To  make  report  according  to  the  Forms  published  here- 
with. 

6.  To  place  on  file  school  documents  and  keep  a  record  of 
all  official  acts.     (See  Form,  page .) 

7.  To  carefully  inspect  the  schools  of  the  County,  and  to 
require  repairs,  the  abatement  of  nuisances  and  provision  of 
proper  out  houses.     (School  Law,  Section  37.) 

8.  To  revoke  the  certificate  of  any  incompetent  teacher. 
(School  Law,  Section  36,  (2.) 


4®  DUTIES   OF   OFFICERS. 

IX.       TOWNSHIP    SCHOOL    COMMITTEES. 

1.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  Township  School  Committee  to- 
assemble  and  be  qualified  within  fifteen  days  after  their 
election. 

2.  To  elect  at  the  first  meeting  a  Chairman  and  Clerk. 

3.  To  provide  the  Clerk  with  a  book  of  record,  in  which 
shall  be  kept  all  the  official  proceedings  of  the  Committee. 
(School  Law,  Section  56,  (1.) 

4.  To  cause  all  the  official  proceedings  to  be  signed  by  the 
Chairman  and  Clerk.     (School  Law,  Section  56,  (1.) 

5.  To  make  within  one  month  after  their  term  of  office 
commences,  in  writing,  a  report  to  the  County  Commissioner& 
of  the  number  and  condition  of  school  houses  in  their  Town- 
ship. Penalty  for  neglect  of  this  duty  five  dollars  for  each 
delinquent  member  of  the  Committee.  (See  School  Law, 
Section  20.) 

6.  To  prepare  a  map  of  the  Township,  which  shall  designate 
the  location  of  the  several  schools.     (School  Law,  Section  21.) 

7.  !No  school  must  continue  in  session  more  than  six  hours 
a  day,  exclusive  of  recess.     (School  Law,  Section  41.) 

8.  Schools  are  not  to  be  in  session  on   Sunday  or  Saturday. 
A  school  month  consists  of  twenty  days,  a   school  term  of 

four  months.     (School  Law,  Section  79.) 

9.  Make  settlement  with  the  County  Treasurer  in  Septem- 
ber annually.     (School  Law,  Section  30.) 

10.  Make  arrangement  with  Committee  of  an  adjacent 
Township  for  accommodation  of  pupils  residing  near  the 
borders  of  the  Township.     (School  Law,  Section  31.) 

11.  To  exclude   from    school   any   child   or  youth,  who   is 


DUTIES   OF   OFFICERS.  43 

affected  by   any   contagious   or  loathsome   disease.     (School 
Law,  Section  76.) 

12.  All  reports  should  be  made  promptly. 

X.      CLERK   OF   THE    SCHOOL   COMMITTEE. 

1.  To  be  qualified.     (School  Law,  Section  60.) 

2.  To  keep  a  legible  and  accurate  record  of  the  proceedings 
of  the  School  Committee  and  sign  each  day's  proceedings. 
(School  Law,  Section  56,  (1.) 

3.  To  sign  all  orders  of  the  School  Committee  upon  the 
County  Treasury.     (School  Law,  Section  56,  (2.) 

4.  To  prepare  the  annual  returns  of  the  School  Committee 
to  the  County  Commissioners.     (School  Law,  Section  57.) 

5.  To  faithfully  deliver  the  books  and  papers  belonging  to 
his  office  to  his  successors.     (School  Law,  Section  59.) 


FORMS. 


The  following  forms  are  submitted,  in  order  to  assist  those 
who  hold  office  under  the  Constitution  and  the  school  law, 
and  to  secure  a  uniformity  of  practice  and  of  reports.  They 
are  believed  to  conform  to  law,  and  to  be  safe  precedents : 

1.     Certificate  of  Election  of  /School  Officers. 

To of township  in  the  County  of 

,  State  of  North  Carolina  : 

This  certifies  that  you,  the  said ,  were,  at  a  town- 
ship meeting,  held  on  ....  day  of ,  A.  D.,  18 ... , 

elected  to  the  office  of  Scnool  Committee  of  said  township, 
and  are,  by  virtue  of  said  election,  fully  authorized  and 
empowered  to  discharge  all  the  duties  of  said  office,  and  to 
exercise  all  the  powers  thereto  belonging  according  to  law. 

By  order  of  the  Commissioners  of County,  State 

of  North  Carolina. 

Witness  my  hand,  and  the  seal  of  said  County  hereto 
affixed  by  me,  this  ....  day  of ,  A.  D.  18 . . . . 

Kegister  and  ex  officio  Cl'k  of  B'd  of  Co.  Com. 


46  FORMS. 

* 

2.     Appointment  of  School  Examiner. 

Office  of  County  Commissioners, 
County, ,  18 .  . . . 

Being  satisfied  that is   competent  to  act   as 

School  Examiner  for  this  County,  under  the  "  Act  to  provide 
for  a  system  of  Public  Instruction,"  ratified  April  12,  A.  D., 
1869,  we  do  hereby  appoint  him  to  said  office  for  the  term  of 
two  years  from  date,  and  until  his  successor  shall  be  appointed. 

The  pay  of  the  aforesaid  Examiner  is  hereby  fixed  at 
per  day. 


Commissioners. 

J 

[Seal.] 


3.    Engagement  of  School  Officers.  {School  Zaiu,  Section  60.) 

Before  the  subscriber  personally  appeared   ,  and 

took  the  following  oath  : 

I, ,  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will 

■support  and  maintain  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  North  Carolina  not 
inconsistent  therewith,  and  that  I  will  faithfully  discharge  the 
duties  of  my  office.     So  help  me  God. 

A.  B. 

Township  of  ,  County  of ,  the 

day  of ,  A.  D.,  18.... 


FORMS.  4-7 

4.     Records  of  School  Committee. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  School  Committee  of  the  township  of 

,  held  according  to  notice  at ,  on  the 

day  of ,  A.  D.,  18 ... ,  the  following  named 

members  were  present,  viz  :   

Voted,  That  A.  B.  be  appointed  Chairman  of  this  committee. 

Voted,  That  C.  D.  be  appointed  Clerk. 

(Here  insert  the  business  transacted.) 

Adjourned. 


Chairman. 


Clerk. 


FORMS    FOE   COMMITTEE. 

5.   Contract  with  Teacher. 

County  of 

The  following  contract  is  this  day  entered  into  between  the 

School  Committee  (or  County  Commissioners)  of 

township  (of  the  County,)  of and 

The  said  committee  have  engaged  the  said 

as  a  teacher  of  school  No ,  in  said  township  from   the 

day  of ,  and  agree  to  pay  him  (or  her)  the 

sum per  month.     The  said agrees 

to  give  instruction  in  the  studies  mentioned  in grade 

certificate  to   such  scholars  as   may  attend   the  said   school 
during   the   said   term ;    to   faithfully   discharge    the   duties 


48  FORMS. 

required  by  law  of  school  teachers ;  and  at  the  end  of  the 
term  to  furnish  the  said  committee  with  the  register  of  the 
school,  said  register  having  been  kept  according  to  law. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  School  Committee  (or  Commis- 
sioners,) and  the  said have  hereunto  set  their  hands 

and  seals,  this  ....  day  of ,  18 . . 


Note. — A  duplicate  of  this  contract  must  be  furnished  to  the  teacher,  and 
original  placed  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  township  Clerk.  (School  Law,  Sec-' 
tion  26.) 


6.  Payment  of  Teachers. 

The  committee  shall  give  orders  on  the  County  Treasurer 
for  the  payment  of  wages  due  teachers,  and  every  such  order 
must  state  the  services  or  consideration  for  which  the  order 
is  drawn,  and  the  name  of  the  person  rendering  such  services. 
(See  School  Law,  Section  11  and  27.) 

FORM   OF   DRAFT. 

Township ,  in  the  County  of 

To ,  Treasurer  of  said  County : 

Pay  to .  the  sum  of for  services  as  a 


FORMS.  JL9 

teacher  of  school  ISTo ,  in township  for at 

dollars  per  month. 


Clerk  of  School  Committee. 


,18. 

Approved  and  ordered  : 


1 

Y  Committee. 


Note  1.  A  draft  should  never  exceed  the  sum  then  due  to  the  teacher. 

2.  Every  draft  must  be  ordered  and  approved  by  the  School  Committee. 

8.  Every  order  in  favor  of  a  school  teacher  must  be  accompanied  by  arepart 
from  the  School  Committee^  stating  the  name'  of  the  teacher  and  the  length,  of 
time  for  which  the  school  was  kept  during  the  current  year. 

The  teacher  must  exhibit  to  the  Treasurer  a  regular  certificate  from  the 
County  Examiner,  dated  within  one  year  after  the  date  of  the  draft  or  order. 
(School  Law,  Section  13.) 


1.  Draft  for  Building,  Mepenses,  &c. 


DRAFT. 


Township,  County  of 

To Treasurer  for  the  aforesaid  County. 

Pay  to ,  the  sum   of w  dollars  for  ex> 

4 


50 


FORMS. 


pense  incurred  in  (here  state  the  occasion  of  the  expense,)  as- 
per  annexed  bill. 


Committee. 


,18. 


Note  1.  The  above  draft  must  be  approved   by   the  County  Commissioners, 
before  it  is  presented  to  the  County  Treasurer, 

2.  Such  drafts  can  only  be  paid   from  moneys  which   belong  to  the  township, 
i.  e.  from  moneys  which  are  raised  by  taxes  on  the  township. 

3.  State    apportionments   must   be   expended  in   the   payment  of  teachers 
exclusively.     (School  Law,  Section  55.) 


S.   Committee's  Annual  Estimate. 

To  the  Trustees  of Township,  County  of 

The  undersigned,  School  Committee  of township, 

in  the  County  of ,  respectfully  submit  the  following 

estimate  of  the  amount  of  money  necessary  to   sustain   the 

public  schools  in  said   township  for  the  period  of 

months  during  the    school  year  commencing  with    October 
1st,  18.  . . .,  and  closing  with  September  30th,  IS.  .  . . 


STATEMENT    OF    ESTIMATE. 


Teachers  Wages, 

Building, 

Rent, 

Repairs, 

Furniture, 

Apparatus, 

Fuel, 

Contingent  Expenses, 


DOLLARS. 


CENTS. 


FORMS. 


51 


We  hereby  certify  the  above  estimate  to  be  correct,  accord- 
ins  to  our  belief  and  knowledge. 

Dated  this  ....  day  of ,  18 .  . 


-  Committee. 


Note  1. — This  estimate  must  be  certified  and  forwarded  to  the  Trustees  of 
the  township  and  to  the  County  Commissioners  ten  days  before  the  annual 
township  meeting  of  each  year.     (School  Law,  Section  29.) 

2.  In  case  the  township  fails  at  any  annual  meeting  to  provide  for  schools  to 
be  taught  at  least  four  months  of  that  year  the  fact  should  be  endorsed  on  a 
copy  of  the  estimate  and  forwarded  to  the  County  Commissioners.  (School 
Law,  Section  25.) 


9.  Annual  census  oy  the   Committee  of  township, 

in  the  County  of ,  North  Carolina. 


NUMBER     OF     PERSONS    IN     THE    TOWNSHIP     BETWEEN     6    AND     21 
YEARS    OF   AGE. 


WHITE. 

COLORED. 

INDIAN. 

REMARKS. 

o 

CD 

o 

CD 

Q$ 

CD 

a 

o 

c3 

CD 

3 

CD 

• 

5%  FORMS. 

NUMBER    OF    INDIAN    CHILDREN    UNDER    GUARDIANSHIP. 


NAME    OF    SUCH    CHILDREN. 


NAME   OF    GUARDIAN. 


"We   do  hereby  certify   that  the   above   census   is   correct 
according  to  our  belief  and  knowledge. 


Committee. 


Hote. — The  township  school  census  must  be  taken  annually  in  the  month  J  of 
June,  and  a  sworn  return  made  to  the  Trustees  of  the  township  and  to  the 
County  Commissioners,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  July.  (School  Law,  Sec- 
tics  82.) 


FOR   SCHOOL    EXAMINER. 


10.  Notice  of  time  anrl  place  for  the  examination  of  teachers. 


Notice  is  hereby  given  that  the  Schcol  Examiner  of 

county  will  hold  an  examination  of  candidates  for  teachers  of 
common  schools  in  said  county,  at on  ....  of 


FORMS.  53 

Each,  applicant  for  a  certificate  is  requested  to  be  punctually 
present. 


Examiner. 
18.. 


The  above  notice  must  be  advertised  either  in  some  news- 
paper which  is  published,  or  has  general  circulation  in  the 
county,  or  by  written  (printed)  posters  ;  also  must  be  sent  to- 
each  township,  School  Committee  of  the  county  at  least  twenty 
days  before  the  day  appointed  for  examination.  (See  School 
Law,  Section  36  (1.) 


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56 


FORMS. 


12.     Report  of  County  School  Examine?*,   {School  Law, 
Section  4.) 

Report  of  County  School  Examiner  of   County, 

N.  C,  to  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  for 
the  school  year  ending  September  30,  18....  (To  be 
forwarded  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  October.) 

1.  Number  of  meetings  held  for  the  examination 

of  teachers  during  the  year,  

2.  Number  of  localities  in  which  meetings  were 

held  during  the  year,  

3.  Number  of  applicants  for  certificates,  number  of  certifi- 
cates granted  and  number  of  applications  rejected,  race  and 
nativity  of  applicants. 


Whole  No.  of 

applications    for 

certificates. 

No.  of  certifi- 
cates granted. 

Applications 
rejected. 

No.  of  colored 
applicants. 

No.  of  applicants 

natives  of  this 

State. 

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FORMS.  57 

4.  Number  of  applicants  for  certificates,  • 

5.  Number  of  different  applicants  to  whom  no 

certificate  was  granted,  

6.  Number  of  applicants  under  20  years  of  age,  

7.  Were  oral   or   written   answers   required  of 

applicants  \  

.  8.  "Were  the  questions   presented    orally   or   in 

writing  ?  

9.  Whole  number  of  Townships  in  the  County,  

10.  Whole   number  of    schools   in   the    County, 

white  ,  colored ,  

11.  Number   of  schools   continued   longer    than 

four  months,  

12.  Number  of  grades  schools,  

Number  of  first  grade,  

Number  of  second  grade,  

Number  of  third  grade,  

13.  Number  of  ungraded  schools  in  the  County, 

14.  Number  of  school  houses  in  the  County,  

15.  The  material  of  which  the  houses  are  built, 

16.  Number  of  school  houses  built  during  the  year,  

17.  Cost  of  houses  built  during  the  year,  

18.  Cost  of  furnishing  new  houses,  

19.  Number  of  Teachers'  Institutes  held  in  the 

County  during  the  year,  

20.  Name  of  President  or  Secretary  of  County 

Teachers  Association,  


58  FORMS. 

21.  Amount  paid  County  Examiner  for  services 
during  the  year, 
I  certify  the  foregoing  to  be  correct. 


County  School  Examiner. 
North  Carolina, 
IS.. 


13.     Revocation   of   Teacher "s  Certificate. 

To  the  School  Committee  of  Township,  

County,  K  C: 

"Whereas,  on  the    day  of  ,  18 . . ,  a 

certificate  was  granted  to   ,  authorizing  him  (or 

her)  to  teach  orthography,  &c,  for  the  term  of  one  year,  and 
he  (or  she)  is  now  engaged  as  a  teacher  in  said  .Township ; 

And  whereas,  it  has  been  reported,  and  I  have  become  sat- 
isfied, that is  an  unfit  person  to  be  retained 

as  such  teacher,  in  consequence  of  (here  state  the  offence.) 

Therefore  you  are  hereby  required  to  discharge  and  dismiss 

said from  his  (or  her)  said  employment,  as 

his  (or  her)  said  certificate  is  hereby  revoked. 


School  Examiner. 
18.. 


Note. — (1.)  A  teacher's  certificate  may  be  revoked  when  he  is  not  engaged 
as  a  teacher. 

(2,)  Report  of  said  revocation  must  be  made  forthwith  to  the  County  Com- 
missioners and  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  [School  Law  sec- 
tion 36,]  (2.) 


FORMS.  59 

14.    Form  of  Teacher's  Certificate,  Prescribed  by  the  Board 
of  Education.    {School  Law  Section  3.) 

teacher's  fiest  grade  certificate.  No.  — . 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that   having 

furnished  satisfactory  evidence  of  good  moral  character  and 
passed  an  examination  in  Orthograplry,  Reading,  Writing, 
Geography,   History  and   English   Grammar,   Book-keeping, 

Algebra  and  Natural  Philosophy, is  hereby 

authorized  to  teach  in  the  public  schools  of   

County,  for  one  year  from  the  date  hereof,  unless  this  certifi- 
cate be  annulled. 

Given  under  my  hand,  and  seal  of  the  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners of  said  County,  on  the day  of , 

in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  eighteen** hundred  and 


Examiner. 


15.     Teacher's  Second  Grade  Certificate. 

Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that having 

furnished  satisfactory  evidence  of  good  moral  character  and 
passed  an  examination  in  Orthography,  Reading,  Writing, 
Arithmetic,    Geography,    History    and     English    Grammar, 

is  authorized  to  teach  in  the    public   schools  of 

County,  for  one   year   from   the  date   hereof, 

unless  this  certificate  be  annulled. 


60  FORMS. 


Given  under  my  hand  and  the  seal  of  the  Board  of  County- 
Commissioners  of  said  County,  on  the day  of 

in  the  year  of  our  Lord,  eighteen  hundred  and 


Examiner. 


DESCRIPTION  OF   SCHOOL  HOUSES, 

FROM  PLANS  AND  DRAWINGS  ISSUED  BY  THE  STATE  SUPERINTEN- 
DENT OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION  AND  APPROVED  BY  THE  BOARD 
OF   EDUCATION. 


These  plans  and  drawings,  with  specifications,  can  be 
obtained  from  the  State  Superintendent's  office. 

Every  school  house  should  be  provided  with  blackboards, 
attached  to  tke  wall  behind  the  teacher's  desk,  or  in  other 
positions  convenient  for  the  pupils. 


School  House  ISFo.  1. 

House  No.  1  is  a  frame  house,  24x24:  feet  from  outside  to  out- 
side, and  12  feet  high  to  the  square,  with  an  arched  ceiling. 


62 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


Plan  of  House  No.  1. 

It  has  a  vestibule  15x8|-  feet  from  outside  to  outside.  The 
windows  are  hung  on  sash  cords  and  axle  pulleys,  for  conve- 
nience in  ventilating  the  room.  There  is  a  floor  register 
placed  under  the  stove  for  the  admission  of  fresh  air.  The 
main  room  will  take  in  the  platform  for  teacher's  desk  and 
four  rows  of  double  desks,  which  will  accommodate  fifty 
pupils.  A  bookcase  can  be  fixed  between  the  doors  at  the 
lower  end  of  the  room,  with  lock  and  key,  for  safe  keeping  of 
books,  stationery,  &c.  The  vestibule  is  supplied  with  shelves 
and  hat-pins  or  hooks,  waterbench  and  washstand. 


v 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


63 


School  House   No.   2. 


House  JSTo.  2  is  a  frame  house,  24x36  feet  from  outside  to  out- 
side, 14  feet  high  to  the  square,  with  an  arched  ceiling. 


.64 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


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Plan  of  House  No.   2. 


The  vestibule  is  15x8!  ^eet  from  outside  to  outside.  The 
whole  building  is  finished  in  the  same  manner  as  that  of 
Figure  1,  and  will  accommodate  seventy-five  pupils. 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


65 


School  House  Mo.  3. 

Figure  3  is  a  brick  house,  24|x37  feet  from  outside  to  out- 
side, and  14  feet  high  to  the  square,  with  an  arched  ceiling. 
The  vestibule  is  15^x9  feet. 

The  provision  for  ventilation  and  the  interior  arrangements, 
are  the  same  as  that  of  figure  2,  and  the  room  will  accommo- 
date seventy-five  pupils. 


ju&.«siaife, 


School  House  No.  4. 


66 


SCHOOL    HOUSES. 


Figure  4  is  a  stone  house,  26x38  feet  from  outside  to  outside, 
and  14  feet  high  to  the  square',  with  an  arched  ceiling. 

The  vestibule  is  10^-xlO  feet  from  outside  to  outside. 

This  building  is  finished  in  the  same  manner  as  that  of 
house  !No.  3,  and  has  accommodation  for  seventy-five  pupils. 


/IPK 


School  House  No.   5. 


Figure  5  is  a  frame  house,  24ix46  feet  from  outside  to  out- 
side,  and  14  feet  high  to  the  square,  with  an  arched  ceiling. 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


67 


The  vestibule  is  15x 
8£  feet  from  outside  to 
outside. 

The  main  building  is 
divided  by  a  sash  parti- 
tion   into  two  rooms — 
one     24x28    feet;    the 
other  24x18   feet.     The 
|  sashes   are  hung   upon 
cords   and  pulleys,  and 
may  be  raised  so  as  to 
!  throw  both  rooms  into 
one.     When  the  sashes 
are  down,  the  noise  from 
one    room    is     entirely 
shut  out  from  the  other ; 
but   the   Principal   can 
overlook     the      Assist- 
ant's room  through  the 
glass    partition.      Each 
■  of  the  rooms  is  ventil- 
|  atecl   and    furnished   in 
!  the  same  manner  as  the 
*  building    before    de- 
scribed.      This     house 
will    accommodate  one 
hundred  pupils. 


Plan  of  House  No.  5. 
In  all  cases  when  two-story  or  larger  houses  pre  required, 
special  plans  and  drawings  will  be  prepared. 


68 


SCHOOL  HOUSES. 


!  


School  Koom  28^x23  feet,  for  35  Pupils,  with  Single\Desks.. 


The  divisions  in  the  rows  represent  the  spaces  occupied  by 
the  desks  and  seats.  Single  desks  occupy  2  feet^in'front  by  2^ 
in  the  row  ;  inside  aisles  3£  feet ;  outside  aisles  3jfeet.  Teach- 
er's platform  5x6  feet. 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


69 


29' 


E3E  E2E2E2[| 


3 

A  diagram  showing  the  arrangement  of  School  Rooms  for 
42,  48,  56  and  64  pupils,  with  double  desks.  Also,  the  size 
.and  position  of  the  Teacher's  room  and  ante  rooms  adjoining. 

Full  sized  double  desks  occupy  a  floor  space  equal  to  4  feet 
an  front  by  2£  feet  in  rear.     The  side  aisles  3^  feet  wide ; 


70  SCHOOL   HOUSES. 

inside  aisles  2  feet ;  rear  aisle,  3  feet ;  teacher's  platform,  5- 
feet.  The  size  of  the  teacher's  room  and  ante-rooms  are' 
shown  in  the  engraving. 

Plan  of  School  House  for  Forty-two  Pupils. — Forty- 
two  pupils  will  require  twenty-one  double  desks.  The  most 
convenient  form  of  arrangement  is  to  divide  them  into  three 
rows,  of  seven  in  a  row.  These  are  indicated  by  the  contin- 
uous lines.  Those  with  dotted  lines  have  reference  to  other 
plans.  Allowing  for  aisles  and  platform  as  above,  the  size  of 
the  plan  is  28|-  by  23  feet.  Each  pupil  and  the  teacher  will 
have  an  average  area  on  the  floor  of  fifteen  square  feet.  The 
height  of  the  ceiling  should  be  12  feet.  This  gives  180  cubic 
feet  of  air  to  each  occupant  of  the  room.  The  ante-rooms  are 
8  by  6  feet ;  teacher's  room,  6  by  7  feet.  Outside  measurement,. 
36  by  24  feet. 

Plan  of  School  House  foe  Forty-eight  Pupils. — The 
size  of  the  room  is  30^  by  23  feet.  Outside  measurement  of 
plan  is  38  by  24  feet.  The  height  of  ceiling  should  be  13- 
feet. 

Plan  of  School  House  for  Fifty-six  Pupils. — To  lengthen 
the  room  would  make  it  disproportionate  for  its  width.  It  is- 
better  to  bring  the  rear  wall  to  its  former  position,  making 
the  sides  28J  feet  in  length,  and  extend  on  the  right,  as  repre- 
sented in  the  cut  by  the  heavy  dotted  line,  far  enough  to 
give  space  for  another  row  of  desks,  (4  feet,)  and  aisle,  (2  feet,) 
making  its  size  28£  by  29  feet.  Remove  the  teacher's  plat- 
form 3  feet  to  the  right.  Extend  the  front  wall  2  feet  to  give 
opportunity  for  enlarging  the  ante-room  and  the  teachers'' 
room.  The  ante-rooms  are  8  by  8  feet,  and  the  teachers'  are, 
13  by  8  feet.     The  ceiling  should  be  13^  to  14  feet  nigh. 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


71 


Plan  of  School  House  for  sixty-four  Pupils. — Follow- 
ing out  the  same  mode  of  enlarging  as  before,  we  remove  the 
rear  wall  two  feet  and  get  room  for  another  desk  at  each  of 
the  four  rows,  indicated  in  the  cut  by  dotted  lines.  Each  row 
now  contains  eight  double  desks,  at  which  sixty-four  pupils 
may  be  accommodated.  The  room  is  30J  by  29  feet.  Out- 
side measurment  -±0  by  30  feet.     Ceiling  14  feet  high. 

Table  of  School  Kooms,  showing  sizes  required  for  the 
different  desks  to  seat  a  given  number  of  pupils.  The  side 
aisles,  are  3-|  feet ;  inside  aisles,  2  feet ;  rear  aisles,  3  feet ; 
front  aisle  and  platform,  S  feet ;  space  allowed  a  desk  in  row,. 
2|-  feet. 


Desks 


No.  1. 
No.  2. 
No.  3. 

No.  4. 


Length. 


4  ft.  0  in. 
3  ft.  10  in, 
3  ft.  8  in. 
3  ft.  6  in. 


Size  of 
Room. 


Size  of  Room. 


~  Size  of  Room. !  5" 

Ph|  Ph 

6  6 


42  2S>^  by  23  ft.   ;48  31  by  23  ft.  156,28^  by  29  ft. 
42  28  M  by  22^  ft.  48  31  by  22>f  ft  5«|28>f  bv  28 &  ft. 
42  28^  by  22  ft.    ,48  31  by  22  ft.    5(j,28jrf  by  %'%  ft. 
42  28X  by  21^  ft.  4831  by  21^  ft'56!28><  by  27  ft. 


Size  of  Room. 


31  by  29  feet. 
31  by^28>£  feet, 
31  by- 27%  feet. 
31  by?27  feet.-" 


72 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


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SCHOOL   BOUSES.  73 

A  good  log  house  will  last  a  generation.  The  main  build- 
ing is  34:  by  30  feet,  with  a  lean  to  of  eight  feet,  sub-divided 
into  a  teacher's  room  and  ante-rooms  ;  pitch  of  roof  17  feet ; 
projection  of  eaves  3  feet ;  height  of  ceiling  13  feet. 

Select  timber  which  will  last  well  when  exposed  to  the 
weather.  The  logs  should  be  10  to  12  inches  in  diameter. 
The  sills  might  be  heavier,  say  16  inches  squared,  hollowed  at 
the  ends  and  pinned,,  or,  better,  spiked  with  60  penny  nails. 
The  floor  timbers  are  morticed  with  the  sills  and  supported  in 
centre  by  a  beam.  The  ceiling,  joists  and  rafters  are  lighter, 
say  7  inches.  The  joists  may  be  stayed  to  the  rafters  to  pre- 
vent their  settling.  Still  smaller  sticks  may  be  used  for  the 
partitions,  say  4  or  5  inches  in  diameter. 

There  are  several  ways  of  making  the  partitions.  One  is  to 
lay  the  logs  horizontally  between  two  standards  or  upright 
posts  at  each  end.  Another  is,  plough  out  a  groove  in  larger 
sticks,  say  two  inches  deep.  Set  up  one  at  each  end  of  a  par- 
tition and  for  door  posts.  Hew  down  the  ends  of  the  stuff  for 
partitions  so  they  will  fit  nicely  into  the  groove.  This  done, 
put  them  in  their  places.  They  should  be  smoothly  payed  on 
each  side  with  stiff  clay,  or  chinked  in  the  ordinary  way. 
They  may  also  be  made  of  tongued  and  grooved  inch  and 
a  quarter  stuff,  set  upright,  run  into  grooves  in  a  head  piece 
above  and  fixed  by  strips  nailed  each  side  at  the  bottom.  Let 
the  roof  project  far  over  the  sides  to  shield  them  from  the 
storms  and  hot  sun. 

The  ceiling  may  be  covered  with  boards,  battened,  and  the 

whole  inside  whitewashed.     It  is  better,  however,  to  lathe  and 

pi  aster ,^when  lime,  sand  and  hair  are  obtainable.     Then,  with 

good   furniture    the   establishment  may   well   challenge   our 


n 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


pride.  On  such  a  house  riot  over  two  hundred  dollars  in 
money  need  be  expended  to  accommodate  fifty  to  sixty-four 
pupils. 

The  finial  (the  ornament  on  the  peak  of  the  roof,)  should  be- 
made  of  some  regularly  branching  sapling,  the  limbs  trimmed. 
to  even  lengths. 


Plan  of  Log  School  House  for  sixty  pupils. 


Description  of  Plan. — A,  School  room,  32x28  feet.  B5, 
Boys'  ante-room,  8x7  feet.  C,  Girls'  ante-room,  8x7  feet. 
D.  Teacher's  ante-room,  11x7  feet. 

Size  of  desk  to  be  used  ]STo.  3.  Side  aisles,  3|-  feet.  Centre 
aisle,  2J-  feet.     Pear  isle,  4  feet. 

Outside  measurement,  34x30  feet. 

By  using  desks  size  ISTo.  3,  the  aisles  will  be  of  good  width, 
The  first  tier  of  seats  should  be  set  about  five  feet  from  the 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


75 


back  end.  Should  it  be  preferred  to  have  the  girls  and  boys 
enter  their  ante-rooms  from  separate  yards  on  either  side  of 
the  building,  this  can  be  attained  by  changing  the  doors  from 
the  front  to  the  sides,  and  placing  the  windows  in  front.  The 
garret  over  the  school  room  is  large.  There  should  be  a  trap 
door  in  the  ceiling  and  a  ladder  to  ascend  to  the  garret.  On 
one  side  of  the  chimney  a  stationary  Venetian  blind  should  be 
placed,  to  be  used  in  connection  with  the  window  in  the  other 
end,  to  allow  the  air  to  escape  that  may  become  heated  in 
summer  or  vitiated  from  any  cause.  If  care  be  taken  in  the 
construction,  and  then,  the  finishing  include  lathing  and  plas- 
tering, as  well  as  ventilating  and  lighting  in  .1  proper  manner, 
the  log  school  house  will  do  well  for  many  years. 

The  appearance  of  the  building  will  be  decidedly  improved 
by  a  good  coat  of  paint  in  such  colors  as  will  present  a 
pleasing  and  striking  contrast. 


Design  for  a  plain  country  School  House. 


76  SCHOOL   HOUSES. 

This  house  corresponds  in  style  and  general  construction  to 
the  requirements  of  a  school  of  thirty-five,  forty-two,  forty- 
eight,  fifty-six  or  sixty-four  pupils.  The  ground  plan  is 
described  on  pages  68,  69,  70. 

JBill  of  materials  and  work  for  school  house  40x30  feet,  ceiling 
14  feet,  pitch  of  roof  7%  feet. 

Feet. 

Frame,  2x6  inches,  1,600  feet  long,  1,600 

Partitions,  3x4  inches,  560  feet  long,  560 

Sills,  6x8  inches,  140  feet  long,  560 

Plates,  3x6  inches,  140  feet  long,  210 

Floor  timbers,  30  pieces,  3x10  inches,  30  feet  long,  2,250 

Bearing  beam,  1  piece,  6x8  inches,  40  feet,  160 

Ceiling  joists,  13  pieces,  3x8  inches,  30  feet  long,  780 

Rafters,  28  pieces,  3x8  inches,  20  feet  long,  1,120 

Flooring,  (surface  measure,)  1,200 

Eoof  Boards,  1,600 

"Wainscoting,  600 

Boards  for  finishing,  1,500 


v 


Total,  14,340 

Shingles,  14,000 

Laths,  6,000 

Plastering,  yards,                                                                        470 

Brick,  (8x4  by  2  inches,)  1,500 

Windows,  9 

Doors,  4 


SCHOOL   HOUSES.  77 

Nails,  kegs,  10 

Carpenter's  work,  days,  320 

Mason's  work,  days,  4A 

The  specifications  which  follow  give  some  different  sizes  for 
the  timber  from  the  above.  Either  will  answer.  The  me- 
chanic will  exercise  his  choice  in  that  regard.  The  size  fixed 
upon  should  be  stated  in  the  specifications. 

Specifications  for  school  building  of  wood,  one  story  high, 
thirty  feet  front  and  rear,  and  forty  from  front  to  rear, 
to  finish  fourteen  feet  high  in  the  clear  of  floor  and  ceiling 
when  done. 

Timbee. — Floor  beams,  3x8  inches,  placed  20  inches  from 
centres,  and  will  rest  on  7  by  9  bearing  beam,  extending 
from  front  to  rear ;  this  bearing  beam  to  rest  on  five  posts, 
not  less  than  7  inches  at  the  small  end  and  5  feet  long ;  sills 
6  by  8  inches ;  floor  beams  framed  in  plates,  4  by  6  inches, 
well  halved  together  at  the  angles.  Rafter,  3  by  7  inches, 
placed  20  inches  apart  from  centres,  with  collars  1J  by  7 
inches,  12  feet  long,  spiked  on  each  pair  of  rafters.  Ceiling 
joists,  2  by  8  inches,  placed  30  inches  from  centres,  and  sus- 
pended from  the  rafters  by  strips  of  board,  All  the  above 
will  be  good,  sound  yellow  pine. 

Siding. — The  building  to  be  what  is  termed  box-framed  ; 
exterior  formed  with  1^  inch  matched  white  pine  plank,  16 
feet  long,  with  battens,  2£  by  1^  inch,  nailed  over  each  joint. 

Fukking. — Ceiling  furred  for  lathing  on  strips  1  by  2  inches, 
placed  12  inches  from  centres ;  horizontal  furring  nailed  on 


78  SCHOOL   HOUSES. 

the  inside  of  the  siding  boards,  placed  20  inches  apart,  and  on 
them  nailed  vertical  strips  of  furring,  1  by  2  inches,  placed  12 
inches  from  centres,  and  upon  these  put  the  lath. 

Partitions. — These  set  with  3  by  4  joists,  placed  12  inches 
from  centres ;  doors  placed  where  shown.  These  will  be  2 
feet  10  inches,  by  1  feet  6  inches. 

Floor. — Lay  floor  with  1^  inch  yellow  pine  matched  plank, 
not  exceeding  9  inches  in  width. 

Roof. — Cover  rafters  with  yellow  pine  boards,  not  exceed- 
ing 3  inches  apart,  and  on  them  put  heart  pine  or  cypress 
shaved  shingles,  laying  them  not  more  than  one-third  of  their 
length  to  the  weather,  the  roof  to  have  a  pitch  of  *t\  inches  to 
the  foot. 

Cornice. — The  ends  of  the  rafters  to  be  planed,  with  neat 
finishing  boards  put  on  ;  they  will  project  3  feet  on  all  sides. 
Put  in  each  gable  a  stationary  Venetian  blind  in  suitable 
frame,  with  slats  3  to  4  inches  wide. 

Ventilator. — Two  ventilating  flues  are  to  be  made,  one  on 
each  side  of  the  room  as  directed,  and  one  in  the  recitation 
room,  each  12  by  12  inches  inside,  made  of  thoroughly  sea- 
.soned  pine  1-|-  inch  thick,  joints  painted  with  white  lead,  to 
unite  in  the  garret  and  proceed  thence  to  the  ventilator-top  in 
the  roof,  which  is  to  be  of  a  capacity  equal  to  that  of  all  the 
flues  which  empty  into  it.  There  is  to  be  a  register  near  the 
floor  and  one  just  underneath  the  ceiling  in  each  flue.  The 
openings  are  to  be  filled  in  such  manner  that  they  may  be 
readily  closed  at  pleasure. 

Plastering. — Ceilings  and  side  walls  all  lathed  with  good 
4  feet  sawed  lath  put  on  with  not  less  than  five  nailings.  All 
parts  of  the  building  lathed  will  have  two  good  and  sufficient 


SCHOOL   HOUSES.  79 

■coats  of  brown  mortar,  extra  well  haired,  put  on  and  worked 
down  straight  and  true. 

Chimney,  (for  stove.)— Construct  chimney  with  brick,  make 
Hue  9  by  9  inches,  this  commenced  2  feet  below  line  of  ceiling 
and  carried  2|-  feet  above  ridge  of  roof,  and  furnished  with 
stove  collar  and  soot  drawer ;  chimney  supported  on  joists 
standing  on  the  floor,  or  chimney  can  be  built  up  from  the 
ground. 

Painting  and  Glazing. — All  wood  work  will  have  three 
coats  of  light  drab  paint ;  cornice,  dressing-  to  doors  and  win- 
dows and  water  table,  will  all  be  painted  a  dark  brown. 
Sashes  all  glazed  with  good  American  glass,  well  tinned  and 
•set  in  good  putty. 

Wainscoting.— Sides  and  front  end  of  school  room  ceiled 
up  two  feet  high  with  half  inch  yellow  pine,  not  over  four 
inches  wide,  tongued,  grooved  and  beaded.  Back  end  of 
school  room  and  ante-rooms  all  ceiled  with  same  material,  and 
will  be  four  feet  high.  All  wainscoting  to  be  neatly  capped 
with  proper  mouldings. 

Windows. — Each  window  composed  of  twelve  lights  of  12 
by  18  inches.  Sashes  one  and  three-eights  inch  thick,  hung 
with  cords,  weights  and  pulleys.  Frames  to  be  what  are 
termed  box  frames,  all  constructed  with  good,  sound,  seasoned 
heart  pine.     All  windows  neatly  cased  on  inside  and  outside. 

Doors. — All  doers  one  and  one-half  inch  thick,  made  in  six 
panels,  (three  wide,)  and  will  be  two  feet  ten  inches  wide  and 
seven  feet  six  inches  high,  made  from  good,  sound,  seasoned 
white  pine,  hung  with  cast  butts. 


80 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


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SCHOOL  HOUSES. 


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Plan  of  House  for  84  pupils. 

School  room,  38  by  36  feet ;  A  and  B,  ante-rooms,  9  by  8 
feet ;  C,  teacher's  room,  12  by  8  feet ;  D,  recitation  room,  20 
by  16  feet ;  H  H,  desks,  (No.  4,)  3  feet  6  inches  long ;  outside 
aisles,  3  feet  6  inches ;  center  aisle,  2  feet  4  inches ;  inside 
aisles,  1  foot  8  inches  ;  S  S,  position  of  stoves. 


Bill  of  materials  and  work  for  School  House  46  by  36  feet, 
with  addition  18  by  15  feet. 


Sills,  10  by  3  inches,  280  feet  long, 
Plates,  6  by  4  inches,  160  feet  long, 
Beams,  6  by  6  inches,  250  feet  long, 
Posts,  6  by  6  inches,  225  feet  long, 
Studs  and  girts,  4  by  3  inches,  4,000  feet  long, 
Floor  joists,  19  by  3  inches,  1,550  feet  long, 
6 


Feet. 

700 
320 
750 
675 
4,000 
4,650 


82  SCHOOL   HOUSES. 

Ceiling  joists,  8  by  3  inches,  1,500  feet  long,  3,000 

Kafters,  8  by  3  inches,  1,800  feet  long,  3,600 

Collar  beams,  6  by  1£  inches,  340  feet  long,  212 

Koof  boards,  6,000 

Flooring  (surface  measure)  2,350£  added  600,)  2,950' 

Siding  (surface  measure)  4,700£  added,  1200,)  5,900 

Battens,  1,000 

Finishing  stuff,  5,500 

Wainscoting,  800 

Total,  40,057 

Shingles,  23,500 

Doors,  (8  by  3  feet,)  9 

Windows,  10  by  8  inches,  18  lights,  9 

Windows,  10  by  8  inches,  12  lights,  2 

Window,  (mullion,)  1 

Bricks,  (8  by  4  by  2,)  1,000 

Lath,  13,000 

Nails,  kegs  13. 

Carpenter's  work,  days  450 

Mason's  work,  days  75 


SCHOOL   HOUSES. 


83 


Plan  for  Village  School. 

Explanation  of  Cut. — A,  and  B,  school  rooms,  29x37|-  feet ; 
C,  recitation  room,  13x8  feet;  E,  E,  girls  ante-rooms,  7x7  feet 
opening  from  F,  porch,  13x8  feet;  D,  D,  boys'  ante-room, 
7x7  feet  opening  from  Gr,  G,  porches,  7x5  feet ;  size  of  build- 
ing on  ground,  56x37^  faet. 

When  the  schools  do  not  require  the  room  C,  for  purposes 
of  recitation,  it  might  be  made  a  retiring  room  for  those  who 
wish  to  study  when  the  rest  are  at  play.  But  the  schoolrooms 
should  not  be  a  place  of  noise  and  confusion  at  any  time. 


ARRANGEMENT  OF  DESKS. 


To  lay  off  the  floor  of  a  room  for  putting  down  the  furni- 
ture strike  a  chalk  line,  along  one  side,  three  and  a  half  feet 
from  the  wall.  This  marks  the  width  of  an  aisle,  also  the 
side  of  a  row  of  desks.  Measure  off  the  length  of  a  desk  and 
strike  another  line  parallel  with  the  first.  Lay  off  the  width 
of  an  inside  aisle  next,  then  a  row  of  desks,  and  so  on  until 
there  remains  only  space  enough  for  the  outside  aisle,  three 
and  a  half  feet  wide. 

ISTow  begin  at  the  back  end  of  the  room.  Draw  a  line 
across  it  three  and  a  half  feet  from  the  wall.  This  gives  the 
position  for  the  standards  of  a  range  of  seats.  Put  them  in 
their  places.  Set  up  a  desk  so  that  the  edge  next  the  pupil 
will  fall  less  than  half  an  inch  short  of  a  vertical  line  touch- 
ing the  front  edge  of  the  seat.  The  space  which  a  desk  and 
seat  occupy  in  a  row  is  now  obtained ;  with  it  lay  off  other 
cross  lines  denoting  the  positions  of  the  rest  of  the  desks. 

The  larger  desks  stand  at  the  back  of  the  room.  Two, 
three,  or  four  different  heights  will  be  required.  They  need 
not  vary  in  length.  Six  inches  is  allowed  for  the  width  of  the 
seat  standards  and  the  slope  of  the  backs,  when  commencing 
to  lay  off  at  the  back  side  of  the  room. 


86 


DESKS. 


SCALE   OF   MEASUREMENT   OF   DESKS    AND   SEATS. 


DESK. 

SEAT. 

Size. 

Width. 

Height  of 

edge    from 

floor. 

Width. 

Height  of  Length  of 

edge  from  Desk  and 

floor.          Seat. 

No.  1 

No.  2 

No.  3 

No.  4 

Inches. 
18 
16 
14 
12 

Inches. 

24i 
2l| 

20 

Inches. 
12 
11 
10£ 
10 

Inches. 
16 
13| 
11 

10 

Inches. 
48 
46 
44 
42 

CLOSLNG   SEAT   SCHOOL   DESK. 


Description  of  the  Desk  and  its  advantages. 

1.  The  movable  seat,  which  is  made  to  turn  upon  a  strong 
metalic  rod,  (generally  of  iron)  closing  or  folding  up  so  as  to 


DESKS.  87 

open  an  aisle  between  the  desks,  through  which  persons  may 
freely  pass  in  cleaning  the  school  room,  or  for  other  purposes. 
The  seat  presents  no  obstruction  whatever.  "Where  the  desk 
is  used  there  need  be  no  filthy  school  rooms,  as  the  floor  is  so 
little  encumbered  that  it  may  be  as  effectually  cleansed  as  if 
the  room  were  clear  of  furniture. 

2.  It  occupies  less  space  than  any  other  desks  of  equal  size, 
while  it  affords  the  greatest  convenience  for  the  ingress  and 
egress  of  pupils. 

3.  It  costs  less  than  any  other  good  desk  made  of  the  same 
materials,  and  is  so  simple  in  construction  that  it  may  be 
made  by  any  good  mechanic. 

4.  The  seats  are  comfortable  and  so  constructed  as  to  pro- 
mote the  health  of  pupils.  The  back  is  inclined  to  support 
the  loins  as  well  as  the  shoulders. 

5.  It  is  neat  in  appearance  and  tastefully  formed,  possessing 
great  strength  and  durability. 

6.  It  can  be  made  so  cheaply  as  to  admit  of  introduction 
into  the  humblest  school,  or  in  such  style  as  will  meet  the 
wants  of  the  highest  grade  of  schools,  academies  and  colleges. 

These  desks  can  be  made  of  any  kind  of  wood,  but  the  hard 
woods  are  the  best.  When  made  of  walnut,  cherry,  oak,  ash 
or  birch,  they  may  be  finished  in  oil,  which  is  much  cheaper 
than  varnish,  more  durable  and  generally  preferred. 

These  desks  have  already  been  introduced  into  many  schools 
in  other  States. 

To  facilitate  their  manufacture,  lithograph  working  draw- 
ings, accompanied  by  printed  instructions,  will  be  furnished. 

This  desk  is  patented,  but  permit  to  make  it  can  be  obtained 
at  the  office  of  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Raleigh. 


88 


DESKS. 


CLOSING   SEAT   DESK   WITH   IRON   STANDARDS. 


This  desk  is  convenient  and  graceful.     Its  advantages  arcs 
so  similar  to  desk  ~No.  1,  that  they  need  not  be  stated. 


BLACKBOARDS. 


Blackboards  are  indispensable.  They  facilitate  and  lighten 
the  labors  of  the  school  room.  Many  pupils  can  be  taught 
simultaneously ;  instruction  addresses  not  only  the  ear  but 
the  eye ;  thus  the  attention  is  gained  and  interest  excited. 

There  are  several  styles  of  Blackboards. 

1.  They  can  be  made  of  white  pine,  white  wood,  or  other 
similar  grained  wood,  in  width  about  four  or  four  and  a  half 
feet,  and  painted  black.  The  paint  should  be  slightly  gritty, 
durable  and  smoothly  put  on.  Thus  made,  the  board  can  be 
attached  to  the  wall  either  in  the  rear  of  the  teacher's  desk  or 
on  the  sides  of  the  room. 

2.  Plaster  Blackboard. — This  board  is  made  by  giving 
a  portion  of  the  plastered  wall  a  hard  finish,  and  painting  it, 
(the  hard  finish)  black.  This  "  hard  finish  "  can  be  put  on  an 
old  as  well  as  a  new  surface.  A  belt  of  this  black  surface  can  be 
made  entirely  around  the  room.  Unless  extended  to  the  floor, 
its  lower  edge  should  be  about  two  feet  from  the  floor,  and 
should  reach  upward  from  3  to  5-|  feet. 

3.  Movable  Blackboard. — This  is  made  by  hanging  a 
board  of  the  first  kind  on  pivots  within  a  frame.  The  size 
should  be  such  that  it  can  be  easily  moved  upon  the  floor. 

4.  Blackboard  Paper. — As  a  cheap  and  temporary  expe- 
dient, a  kind  of  paper  has  been  prepared,  which  gives  to  the 
board  or  the  wall  on  which  it  may  be  posted,  a  slated  surface 


90  BLACKBOARDS. 

of  tolerable  strength.  These  paper  boards  can  be  mounted 
so  as  to  be  portable  and  ornamental. 

5.  Slate  Blackboard. — Large  slates  (stone)  from  three 
feet  wide  to  four  feet  long,  mounted  on  portable  frames  or 
fastened  to  the  wall,  make  an  article  for  blackboard  purposes 
superior  to  any  other  material,  it  is  more  durable,  and  in  a 
series  of  years,  more  economical. 

Remarks. — "  In  all  cases,"  the  last  excepted,  "  let  the  board 
be  kept  dry ;  never  allow  the  pupil  to  wet  the  wiper  when 
removing  the  chalk." 


OUTBUILDING'S  AND  IMPROVEMENTS. 


Shelter  foe  Fcjel. — In  connection  with  every  school  house 
a  shelter  should  be  provided  for  fuel — one  convenient,  ample, 
easily  secured,  and  a  protection  from  the  weather. 

"Water  Closets. — Two  water  closets  should  be  provided 
for  each  school  house — one  for  each  sex ;  they  should  not  stand 
near  each  other,  nor  within  one  hundred  feet  of  the  house. 
The  entrances  should  be  sheltered  by  screens.  The  yards  in 
which  they  are  placed  should  be  divided  by  a  high,  tight 
board  fence,  or  an  impenetrable  evergreen  hedge.  The  vaults 
should  be  so  constructed  that  they  can  be  easily  cleansed ; 
they  ought  to  be  often  cleared  and  cleansed,  and  constantly  and 
abundantly  supplied  wit  It  disinfectants,  such  as  lime,  wood 
ashes,  &e.  These  establishments  must  not  be  permitted  to 
become  nuisances,  either  to  the  school  or  the  neighborhood. 

Fences,  provided  with  the  necessary  gates  and  substantially 
built  should  enclose  the  grounds  of  every  school  house,  other- 
wise, the  improvements  made  within  the  grounds  will  be  sub- 
ject to  encroachment,  damage,  and  probably,  destruction. 

Shade  and  Ornamental  Trees  and  Shrubs  should* be 
planted  in  the  grounds  and  nurtured  into  maturity.  Every 
yard  can  be  well  stocked  with  small  expense  beyond  the  labor 
required  to  transplant  the  trees. 

Drainage. — Every  part  of  the  school  house  grounds  should 
be  subject  to  complete  drainage. 

A  Well  or  Pump  should  be  furnished  to  every  school  house. 

N.  B. — No  scholar  of  either  sex  should  be  permitted  to  enter  that  part  of  the 
yard  and  buildings  appropriated  to  the  other,  without  the  teacher's  permission. 


APPENDIX. 


I.  The  attention  of  County  Commissioners  is  directed  to 
the  following  act,  which  provides  for  the  filling  of  certain 
township  offices  which  may  become  vacant : 

AN  ACT  TO  PROVIDE  FOE  THE  FILLING  OF  VACANCIES  OCCTTRRING- 
IN  THE  OFFICES  PROVIDED  FOR  IN  ARTICLE  SEVEN,  OF  THE 
CONSTITUTION   OF   NORTH   CAROLINA. 

Section  1.  The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  do 
enact,  That  every  vacancy  occurring  in  any  of  the  offices 
provided  for  in  article  seven,  of  the  Constitution  of  North- 
Carolina,  shall  be  filled,  unless  otherwise  provided  for  by  law, 
by  a  majority  of  the  Board  of  County  Commissioners  of  the 
county  in  which  such  vacancy  may  oscur ;  Provided,  That 
any  vacancy  occurring  in  the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  any 
county  shall  be  filled  by  the  Governor  of  the  State. 

Sec  2.  This  act  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  the  date  of 
its  passage. 

Ratified  the  27th  day  of  July,  A.  D.  1868. 


9 A  APPENDIX. 

II.  Board  of  Education  cannot  sell  property  except  as  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

AN   ACT   EST    RELATION   TO    PROPERTY   BELONGING   TO    THE   BOARD 
OF   EDUCATION. 

Section  1.  The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  da 
enact,  That  no  sales  of  swamp  lands,  stocks  or  other  property 
appropriated  to  the  cause  of  education,  shall  be  made  except 
by  the  authority  of  the  General  Assembly,  on  such  terms  as 
shall  be  prescribed  by  law,  and  all  laws  in  conflict  with  this 
act  are  hereby  repealed. 

Sec  2.  This  act  shall  go  into  effect  from  and  after  its  ratifi- 
cation. 

Eatified  the  17th  day  of  March,  A.  D.  1869.  ' 


III.  Orders  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

Office  of  Board  of  Education, 
Raleigh,  July  15th,  1869. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Education  held  this"  day  it 
was  voted : 

"Whereas,  Article  IX,  section  4,  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
State  prescribes  that  the  net  proceeds  that  may  accrue  to  the 
State  from  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures  shall  constitute  a 
part  of  the  State  Public  School  Eund  ;  and 

Whereas,  By  section  9  of  "  An  act  to  provide  for  a  system 
of  public  instruction,"  all  moneys  belonging  or  owing  to  the 
Public  School  Eund  shall  be  paid  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
Board  of  Education ;  and 


APPENDIX.  95 

Whereas,  By  section  5  of  the  aforesaid  act  the  Public  Trea- 
surer is  constituted  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Education :  it 
is  hereby 

Ordered,  That  Clerks  of  Courts  and  all  other  persons  to 
whom  there  have  been  paid  or  entrusted  any  moneys  arising 
from  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures  which  may  belong  to  the 
State,  are  hereby  instructed  and  directed  to  forward  forthwith 
such  aforesaid  sums  of  money  to  Hon.  D.  A.  Jenkins,  Public 
Treasurer :  also, 

That  the  aforesaid  Clerks  and  other  persons  are  further 
instructed  and  directed  to  pay  over  to  the  said  Public  Treas- 
urer, within  ten  days  from  the  first  day  of  January,  April, 
July  and  October  of  each  year,  all  moneys  on  account  of  fines, 
penalties  and  forfeitures  which  may  be  in  their  possession  ; 
also, 

That  the  aforesaid  payments  shall  be  made  in  such  manner 
as  the  Public  Treasurer  shall  direct. 

W.  W.  HOLDER,  President. 

S.  S.  Ashley,  Secretary. 

Treasury  Department, 
Raleigh,  K  C,  July  22,  1869. 
Clerks  of  Courts  and  all  other  persons  who  may  have 
received  moneys  arising  from  fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures, 
belonging  to  the  State,  are  hereby  directed  to  forward  the 
same  to  me  immediately  by  Express,  Registered  Letter  or 
Post  Office  Order.  All  such  moneys  which  may  hereafter  be 
received  by  the  aforesaid  officers,  will  be  forwarded  to  me  in 
the  same  manner,  within  ten  days  from  the  first  day  of  Jan- 
uary, April,  July  and  October  of  each  year. 


96  APPENDIX. 

All  officers  whose  duty  it  is  to  receive  such  moneys,  will  be 
held  to  strict  accountability  for  the  same. 
Very  respectfully, 

D.  A.  JENKINS, 
Treasurer  Board  of  Education. 

N.  B. — The  above  order  is  directed  to  all  Justices  of  the 
Peace  as  well  as  Clerks  of  Courts. 

STATE  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA, 
Office  Boakd  of  Education, 

Raleigh.  October  7th,  1869. 
To  whom  it  may  concern : 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Education,  held  this  day,  it 
was 

Ordered,  That  County  Commissioners,  and  all  other  persons 
having  in  their  possession  securities  or  money  of  any  tenor  or 
date,  which  were  received  from  the  Board  of  Literature  or 
have  accrued  from  any  funds  which  were  distributed  by  said 
Board  at  any  time,  or  which  are  designed  or  held  for  any 
public  school  purposes  whatsoever,  be  and  hereby  are  in- 
structed to  forward  the  same,  at  the  earliest  opportunity,  to 
Hon.  D.  A.  Jenkins,  Treasurer  of  this  Board. 
By  order : 

S.  S.  ASHLEY,  Secretary. 


Note. — The  aforesaid  order  is  authorized  by  the  Constitution  of  the  State, 
Article  IX,  Section  4. 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 


Page. 
Introduction,     -- -  3 

Constitution,    Art.  I,  sec.  27,  Art.  TX,      - -  5 

University, 

Organization  of,  .......        i        .  6 

Trustees,  how  appointed, 7 

School  Law,      ------------         H 

Studies,  and  Rules  for  Examination  of  Teachers,  35 

Duties  and  Powers  of  Board  of  Education  and  School  Officers,  -         39 

Forms, 

Certificate  of  election  of  school  officers, 45 

Appointment  of  School  Examiner,      - 46 

Engagement  of  school  officers,  46 

Records  of  School  Committee,     -------        47 

Contract  with  teacher, 47 

Payment  of  teacher,  --------         48 

Draft  for  building  expenses,  (fee,         ------         49 

Committee's  annual  estimate,       - 50 

Annual  census  by  Committee      -         - 51 

For  use  of  Examiner,           -----          52,  54,  55,  56,  58 
Teachers'  certificates,  - 59 

School  Houses, 

Description  of,  and  specifications  for,  -         -         -         -        61  to  83 

Desks, 

Arrangement  of, 85 

Measurement  and  description  of, 86,  87,  88 

Blackboards,      -- ----89 

Outbuildings  and  Improvements,         --------         91 


98  CONTENTS. 

Appendix,  Page. 
Act  authorizing  County  Commissioners  to  fill  certain  vacancies,         93 
Act  relating  to  sale  of  property  belonging  to  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation,       9"4 

Orders  of  Board  of  Education  directing  how  fines,  &c,  shall  be 

paid, 94,  96 


